{"id":3130,"date":"2026-09-01T15:11:51","date_gmt":"2026-09-01T12:11:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/altinova.av.tr\/?p=3130"},"modified":"2026-09-01T15:13:21","modified_gmt":"2026-09-01T12:13:21","slug":"malvarligi-sigortalarinda-menfaat-ilkesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/altinova.av.tr\/en\/malvarligi-sigortalarinda-menfaat-ilkesi\/","title":{"rendered":"Malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Sigortalar\u0131nda Menfaat \u0130lkesi ve M\u00fclkiyet \u0130li\u015fkisi"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-rank-math-toc-block\" id=\"rank-math-toc\"><h2>Contents<\/h2><nav><ul><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#1-giris-ve-kavramsal-cerceve-malvarligi-sigortalarinda-menfaat-ilkesi\">1. Giri\u015f ve Kavramsal \u00c7er\u00e7eve: Malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Sigortalar\u0131nda Menfaat \u0130lkesi<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#2-menfaatin-niteligi-para-ile-olculebilirlik-ve-esya-ile-menfaat-ayrimi\">2. Menfaatin Niteli\u011fi: Para ile \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fclebilirlik ve E\u015fya ile Menfaat Ayr\u0131m\u0131<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#3-mulkiyet-sartinin-aranmamasi-ve-menfaat-sahibi-olabilecek-kisiler\">3. M\u00fclkiyet \u015eart\u0131n\u0131n Aranmamas\u0131 ve Menfaat Sahibi Olabilecek Ki\u015filer<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#4-menfaat-yoklugunun-hukuki-sonuclari-ve-gecersizlik-butlan\">4. Menfaat Yoklu\u011funun Hukuki Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ve Ge\u00e7ersizlik (Butlan)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#5-baskasi-lehine-sigorta-ve-menfaat-sahibinin-degismesi\">5. Ba\u015fkas\u0131 Lehine Sigorta ve Menfaat Sahibinin De\u011fi\u015fmesi<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#6-ispat-yuku-ve-tazminat-ilkeleri\">6. \u0130spat Y\u00fck\u00fc ve Tazminat \u0130lkeleri<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#7-mulkiyet-disi-menfaat-turleri-ve-hak-sahipleri\">7. M\u00fclkiyet D\u0131\u015f\u0131 Menfaat T\u00fcrleri ve Hak Sahipleri<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#8-usuli-sonuclar-ve-dava-stratejisine-etkiler\">8. Usuli Sonu\u00e7lar ve Dava Stratejisine Etkiler<\/a><ul><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#8-a-dava-ehliyeti-ve-aktif-husumet\">8.A. Dava Ehliyeti ve Aktif Husumet<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#8-b-ispat-yukunun-dagilimi-ttk-m-1409-baglami\">8.B. \u0130spat Y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 (TTK m. 1409 Ba\u011flam\u0131)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#8-c-yargitay-ictihatlari-isiginda-usuli-durum\">8.C. Yarg\u0131tay \u0130\u00e7tihatlar\u0131 I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Usuli Durum<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#9-maddi-hukuk-sonuclari-ve-risk-alanlari\">9. Maddi Hukuk Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ve Risk Alanlar\u0131<\/a><ul><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#9-a-cifte-sigorta-ve-mukerrerlik-olusmamasi\">9.A. \u00c7ifte Sigorta ve M\u00fckerrerlik Olu\u015fmamas\u0131<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#9-b-askin-sigorta-riski-ve-tenzil\">9.B. A\u015fk\u0131n Sigorta Riski ve Tenzil<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#9-c-menfaat-sahibinin-degismesi-ve-sozlesmenin-akibeti\">9.C. Menfaat Sahibinin De\u011fi\u015fmesi ve S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin Ak\u0131beti<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#10-somut-olaya-uygulanabilecek-cikarimlar\">10. Somut Olaya Uygulanabilecek \u00c7\u0131kar\u0131mlar<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#11-acik-sorular-istisnalar-ve-belirsizlikler\">11. A\u00e7\u0131k Sorular, \u0130stisnalar ve Belirsizlikler<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#12-sonuc-ve-pratik-degerlendirme\">12. Sonu\u00e7 ve Pratik De\u011ferlendirme<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"1-giris-ve-kavramsal-cerceve-malvarligi-sigortalarinda-menfaat-ilkesi\"><strong>1. Giri\u015f ve Kavramsal \u00c7er\u00e7eve: Malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Sigortalar\u0131nda Menfaat \u0130lkesi<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00fcrk sigorta hukukunda malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (zarar) sigortalar\u0131n\u0131n temel dire\u011fini <strong>menfaat ilkesi<\/strong> olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. 6102 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanunu\u2019nun (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mevzuat.gov.tr\/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=6102&amp;MevzuatTur=1&amp;MevzuatTertip=5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TTK<\/a>) 1401. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca sigorta s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi; &#8220;(1) Sigorta s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, sigortac\u0131n\u0131n bir prim kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, ki\u015finin para ile \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir bir menfaatini zarara u\u011fratan tehlikenin, rizikonun, meydana gelmesi h\u00e2linde bunu tazmin etmeyi ya da bir veya birka\u00e7 ki\u015finin hayat s\u00fcreleri sebebiyle ya da hayatlar\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen baz\u0131 olaylar dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bir para \u00f6demeyi veya di\u011fer edimlerde bulunmay\u0131 y\u00fck\u00fcmlendi\u011fi s\u00f6zle\u015fmedir.&#8221; \u015feklinde kanuni tan\u0131m\u0131na kavu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131nda da istikrarl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde vurguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere; \u00f6zel sigortalar zarar (menfaat) sigortalar\u0131 ve mebla\u011f sigortalar\u0131 olarak ikiye ayr\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Zarar sigortalar\u0131nda riziko, para ile \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan menfaatlere y\u00f6nelmektedir. Yarg\u0131tay 17. Hukuk Dairesinin 17.10.2019 tarihli ve 2016\/17379 E., 2019\/9538 K. say\u0131l\u0131 ilam\u0131nda; &#8220;Sigorta s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin en \u00f6nemli unsurlar\u0131ndan biri menfaattir.&#8221; denilerek, modern sigorta hukukundaki h\u00e2kim yakla\u015f\u0131m ortaya konulmu\u015ftur: &#8220;G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde modern sigorta hukukunda bask\u0131n olan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re, zarar sigortalar\u0131nda sigorta konusu \u201cmal\u201d yani e\u015fya olmay\u0131p, e\u015fya \u00fczerindeki menfaattir.&#8221; Ayr\u0131ca bu menfaatin hukuki himaye g\u00f6rebilmesi i\u00e7in &#8220;ayr\u0131ca para ile ifade edilen ekonomik bir de\u011ferinin olmas\u0131 gerekir.&#8221; (Ayn\u0131 do\u011frultuda bkz. \u0130zmir B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 11. HD, 12.06.2026, 2024\/272 E., 2026\/1024 K.; \u0130stanbul Anadolu 13. ATM, 11.09.2025, 2022\/813 E., 2025\/670 K.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"2-menfaatin-niteligi-para-ile-olculebilirlik-ve-esya-ile-menfaat-ayrimi\"><strong>2. Menfaatin Niteli\u011fi: Para ile \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fclebilirlik ve E\u015fya ile Menfaat Ayr\u0131m\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sigortalar\u0131nda teminat alt\u0131na al\u0131nan husus mal\u0131n bizatihi fiziksel varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fil, sigortal\u0131n\u0131n o mal \u00fczerindeki parasal\/ekonomik ili\u015fkisidir. \u0130stanbul Anadolu 13. Asliye Ticaret Mahkemesinin 19.09.2024 tarihli ve 2023\/85 E., 2024\/597 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda; &#8220;G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere, sigorta s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ile teminat alt\u0131na al\u0131nan husus mal\u0131n bizatihi kendisi de\u011fil, sigorta ettirenin o mal \u00fczerindeki menfaatidir&#8221; tespiti yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ekonomik ve para ile takdir edilebilir bir kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunmayan manevi de\u011ferler veya soyut beklentiler malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sigortas\u0131na konu edilemez. Yarg\u0131tay 11. Hukuk Dairesinin 10.01.2013 tarihli ve 2011\/15431 E., 2013\/340 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere; &#8220;Zira somut aktif de\u011fer sigortalar\u0131nda para ile \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilen bir menfaatin zarar g\u00f6rmesi halinde sigorta \u015firketi taraf\u0131ndan zarar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 ama\u00e7lanmaktad\u0131r.&#8221; (Benzer \u015fekilde bkz. Bak\u0131rk\u00f6y 5. ATM, 01.06.2021, 2021\/349 E., 2021\/447 K.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3-mulkiyet-sartinin-aranmamasi-ve-menfaat-sahibi-olabilecek-kisiler\"><strong>3. M\u00fclkiyet \u015eart\u0131n\u0131n Aranmamas\u0131 ve Menfaat Sahibi Olabilecek Ki\u015filer<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Uygulamada s\u0131kl\u0131kla d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclen yan\u0131lg\u0131n\u0131n aksine, malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sigortalar\u0131nda sigorta ettirenin veya sigortal\u0131n\u0131n mal\u0131n <strong>maliki<\/strong> olmas\u0131 zorunlu bir ge\u00e7erlilik \u015fart\u0131 de\u011fildir. 6102 say\u0131l\u0131 TTK\u2019n\u0131n 1453. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekildedir: &#8220;(1) Rizikonun ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmemesinde menfaati bulunanlar, bu menfaatlerini mal sigortas\u0131 ile teminat alt\u0131na alabilirler.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, mal\u0131n hasara u\u011framamas\u0131 veya yok olmamas\u0131nda me\u015fru ve ekonomik menfaati bulunan farkl\u0131 hukuki s\u00fcjeler de mal sigortas\u0131 akdedebilir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Menfaat Sahibi S\u0131fat\u0131<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Hukuki Dayanak ve Menfaatin Niteli\u011fi<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0130lgili Yarg\u0131 Karar\u0131 \/ A\u00e7\u0131klama<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Kirac\u0131lar ve Zilyetler<\/strong><\/td><td>Mal\u0131n muhafazas\u0131ndan veya kendi kusurundan do\u011fan zararlardan kiralayana kar\u015f\u0131 sorumluluk.<\/td><td>\u0130zmir B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 11. HD, 02.11.2023, 2021\/227 E., 2023\/1562 K.: Kirac\u0131n\u0131n binay\u0131 sigortalatmakta ge\u00e7erli menfaati kabul edilmi\u015ftir.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>S\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 Ayni Hak Sahipleri<\/strong><\/td><td>Rehinli alacakl\u0131lar, intifa hakk\u0131 sahipleri; alaca\u011f\u0131n teminat\u0131 olan mal\u0131n korunmas\u0131 menfaati.<\/td><td>Ankara 5. ATM, 17.01.2025, 2022\/265 E., 2025\/49 K.: Rehin hakk\u0131 sahibinin sigorta tazminat\u0131 \u00fczerindeki \u00f6nceli\u011fi ve haklar\u0131.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131lar ve Ardiye \u0130\u015fletmecileri<\/strong><\/td><td>Ta\u015f\u0131ma veya saklama s\u0131ras\u0131ndaki hasarlardan do\u011fan s\u00f6zle\u015fmesel\/kanuni sorumluluk menfaati.<\/td><td>\u0130stanbul 1. ATM, 26.12.2018, 2018\/35 E., 2018\/1343 K.: Ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n sorumluluk menfaatini sigortalatabilmesi.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Acenta, Komisyoncu, Alacakl\u0131lar<\/strong><\/td><td>Mal\u0131n muhafazas\u0131ndan sorumlu olanlar veya borcun \u00f6denmesi mal\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olanlar.<\/td><td>Yarg\u0131tay 11. HD, 18.01.2011, 2009\/7005 E., 2011\/291 K. ve Kayseri 1. ATM, 22.03.2023, 2022\/893 E., 2023\/188 K.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Nitekim \u0130zmir B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 11. Hukuk Dairesinin 02.11.2023 tarihli ve 2021\/227 E., 2023\/1562 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda, fabrika ve depoda kirac\u0131 olan davac\u0131n\u0131n malik olmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen; &#8220;davac\u0131n\u0131n kira ili\u015fkisi kapsam\u0131nda kendi kusurundan kaynaklanan zarardan kiralayana kar\u015f\u0131 sorumlu olmas\u0131 nedeniyle rizikonun ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi halinde zarar g\u00f6recek olan binay\u0131 sigortalatmakta menfaati bulunmas\u0131na&#8221; dayan\u0131larak sigorta himayesinden yararlanaca\u011f\u0131 h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ayr\u0131ca TTK m. 1453\/1 uyar\u0131nca m\u00fc\u015fterek menfaatler de korunabilmektedir. Yarg\u0131tay 17. Hukuk Dairesinin 17.10.2019 tarihli ve 2016\/17379 E., 2019\/9538 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda vurguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere: &#8220;Bir mal\u0131n veya o mala ili\u015fkin bir hakk\u0131n yaln\u0131z bir k\u0131sm\u0131nda menfaat sahibi olan ki\u015fi, kendisine ait k\u0131sm\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131n\u0131 da sigorta ettirmi\u015fse, sigortan\u0131n bu fazlaya ili\u015fkin k\u0131sm\u0131, sigorta ettirenle ayn\u0131 menfaati olanlar lehine yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"4-menfaat-yoklugunun-hukuki-sonuclari-ve-gecersizlik-butlan\"><strong>4. Menfaat Yoklu\u011funun Hukuki Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ve Ge\u00e7ersizlik (Butlan)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Sigorta edilebilir menfaat, sigorta s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin hem kurucu hem de devam ettirici zorunlu bir unsurudur. 6102 say\u0131l\u0131 TTK\u2019n\u0131n 1408. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131 gere\u011fince: &#8220;(1) Sigorta s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 an\u0131nda, sigortalanan menfaat mevcut de\u011filse, sigorta s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ge\u00e7ersizdir. S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 anda varolan menfaat, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde ortadan kalkarsa, s\u00f6zle\u015fme o anda ge\u00e7ersiz olur.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu h\u00fckm\u00fcn temel amac\u0131, sigortan\u0131n bir spek\u00fclasyon, kumar veya bahis vas\u0131tas\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesini \u00f6nlemektir. Menfaat bulunmaks\u0131z\u0131n akdedilen s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler kesin h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fck (mutlak butlan) yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131na tabidir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kayseri 1. Asliye Ticaret Mahkemesinin 23.01.2023 tarihli ve 2021\/869 E., 2023\/25 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda; &#8220;Sigorta s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin konusunu para ile \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilen bir menfaat te\u015fkil eder. Bir menfaat olmaks\u0131z\u0131n yap\u0131lan sigorta s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi bat\u0131ld\u0131r.&#8221; tespiti yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yarg\u0131tay 17. Hukuk Dairesinin 11.10.2010 tarihli ve 2010\/3645 E., 2010\/8084 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda; &#8220;Bir kimsenin sigortal\u0131 mal \u00fczerinde ger\u00e7ekten bir menfaati bulunmaz ise, o mal fiilen sigorta ettirilmi\u015f olsa bile, riziko halinde, o \u015feyin hasarlanmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 tazminat istemesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. (TTK 1269).&#8221; ve &#8220;Bir menfaat olmaks\u0131z\u0131n yap\u0131lan sigortalar TTK&#8217;nun 1264\/2.maddesi uyar\u0131nca bat\u0131l olur.&#8221; ilkelerine yer verilmi\u015f; ayr\u0131ca &#8220;\u00d6l\u00fc ki\u015fi lehine poli\u00e7e d\u00fczenlenemeyece\u011fi gibi, primi pe\u015fin \u00f6denmi\u015f olsa bile, bu poli\u00e7eye dayal\u0131 hak talebi de ge\u00e7ersizdir.&#8221; tespiti yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Diyarbak\u0131r B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 6. Hukuk Dairesinin 20.11.2025 tarihli ve 2022\/3007 E., 2025\/1289 K. say\u0131l\u0131 ilam\u0131nda; &#8220;davac\u0131n\u0131n, sigortalanan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlardaki \u00fcr\u00fcnler \u00fczerinde bir menfaati bulundu\u011funu ispat edemez ise o mal\u0131 fiilen sigorta ettirmi\u015f olsa dahi riziko halinde sigorta \u015firketinden tazminat istemesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan davac\u0131n\u0131n, daval\u0131dan sigorta tazminat\u0131n\u0131 talep hakk\u0131 (aktif husumeti=s\u0131fat\u0131) bulunmayacakt\u0131r&#8221; de\u011ferlendirmesiyle aktif dava ehliyetinin menfaat ba\u011f\u0131na dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"5-baskasi-lehine-sigorta-ve-menfaat-sahibinin-degismesi\"><strong>5. Ba\u015fkas\u0131 Lehine Sigorta ve Menfaat Sahibinin De\u011fi\u015fmesi<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Sigorta ettiren ki\u015fi ile menfaat sahibi (sigortal\u0131) her zaman ayn\u0131 ki\u015fi olmak zorunda de\u011fildir. \u0130stanbul 4. Asliye Ticaret Mahkemesinin 05.10.2021 tarihli ve 2020\/454 E., 2021\/640 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda; &#8220;Aktif zarar sigortalar\u0131nda sigortac\u0131n\u0131n sorumlulu\u011fu teminat alt\u0131na al\u0131nan risk ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011finde sigortalanan menfaat g\u00f6zetilerek zarar\u0131n giderilmesidir. Menfaat sahibi ile sigorta ettiren ayn\u0131 olmak zorunda de\u011fildir&#8221; ve &#8220;Sigorta ettiren ile sigortal\u0131 farkl\u0131 olarak d\u00fczenlendi\u011finde sigortal\u0131 da sigorta s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinden yarar\u0131na &#8211; menfaatine sigorta yap\u0131lan ki\u015fi olarak sigorta tazminat\u0131 talep edebilmektedir&#8221; hususlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>6102 say\u0131l\u0131 TTK\u2019n\u0131n 1454. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca: &#8220;(1) Sigorta ettiren, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir ki\u015finin menfaatini, onun ad\u0131n\u0131 belirterek veya belirtmeyerek, sigorta ettirebilir. Sigorta s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinden do\u011fan haklar sigortal\u0131ya aittir. Sigortal\u0131, aksine s\u00f6zle\u015fme yoksa, sigorta tazminat\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6denmesini sigortac\u0131dan isteyebilir ve onu dava edebilir.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu kapsamda:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Hak ve Bor\u00e7 Ayr\u0131m\u0131:<\/strong> Yarg\u0131tay 17. Hukuk Dairesinin 31.03.2015 tarihli ve 2013\/16671 E., 2015\/5204 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda ifade edildi\u011fi \u00fczere; &#8220;sigorta ettiren ki\u015finin ayn\u0131 zamanda sigortal\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda yani ba\u015fkas\u0131 yarar\u0131na sigorta yapt\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda para ile \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir menfaat sigorta ettirene de\u011fil, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin hesab\u0131na yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ki\u015fiye ait olaca\u011f\u0131&#8221; i\u00e7in tazminat talep yetkisi sigortal\u0131ya aittir. Prim \u00f6deme borcu ise kural olarak sigorta ettirene aittir (Kayseri 1. ATM, 23.01.2023, 2021\/869 E., 2023\/25 K.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Menfaatin Devri:<\/strong> Sigortalanan menfaatin maliki veya hak sahibinin de\u011fi\u015fmesi durumunda, 6102 say\u0131l\u0131 TTK\u2019n\u0131n 1470. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca; &#8220;(1) Sigorta edilen menfaatin sahibinin de\u011fi\u015fmesi h\u00e2linde, aksine s\u00f6zle\u015fme yoksa, sigorta ili\u015fkisi sona erer.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"6-ispat-yuku-ve-tazminat-ilkeleri\"><strong>6. \u0130spat Y\u00fck\u00fc ve Tazminat \u0130lkeleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Sigorta uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131nda ispat k\u00fclfeti ikili bir ayr\u0131ma tabidir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Davac\u0131 \/ Sigortal\u0131n\u0131n \u0130spat Y\u00fck\u00fc:<\/strong> Tazminat talep eden taraf, \u00f6ncelikle ge\u00e7erli bir sigorta ili\u015fkisinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, rizikonun ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fini ve sigorta konusu mal\/de\u011fer \u00fczerinde korunmaya de\u011fer, me\u015fru ve para ile \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir bir menfaatinin bulundu\u011funu ispat etmek zorundad\u0131r (Diyarbak\u0131r B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 6. HD, 20.11.2025, 2022\/3007 E., 2025\/1289 K.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Sigortac\u0131n\u0131n \u0130spat Y\u00fck\u00fc:<\/strong> TTK m. 1409\/2 gere\u011fince; &#8220;(2) S\u00f6zle\u015fmede \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen rizikolardan herhangi birinin veya baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n sigorta teminat\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ispat y\u00fck\u00fc sigortac\u0131ya aittir.&#8221; \u0130zmir B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 11. Hukuk Dairesinin 12.06.2026 tarihli ve 2024\/272 E., 2026\/1024 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere; &#8220;Rizikonun ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fini ve ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen bu rizikonun teminat kapsam\u0131 i\u00e7inde kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sigortal\u0131 ispatlamak zorunda iken, TTK&#8217;n\u0131n 1409. maddesi h\u00fckm\u00fcne g\u00f6re kural olarak rizikonun teminat d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin iddia ise sigortac\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kan\u0131tlanmal\u0131d\u0131r.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Zenginle\u015fme Yasa\u011f\u0131 ve Ger\u00e7ek Zarar \u0130lkesi:<\/strong> Malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sigortalar\u0131nda tazminat, sigortal\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ek zarar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015famaz. \u0130stanbul B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 45. Hukuk Dairesinin 30.10.2024 tarihli ve 2022\/90 E., 2024\/1369 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda vurguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi; &#8220;sigorta s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi bir kazan\u00e7 sa\u011flama arac\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan sigortal\u0131n\u0131n mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda haks\u0131z bir art\u0131\u015f meydana getirmemelidir&#8221; Ayn\u0131 mal \u00fczerinde malik, kirac\u0131 veya rehinli alacakl\u0131n\u0131n kendi ekonomik menfaatleri oran\u0131nda ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z sigorta yapt\u0131rmas\u0131 m\u00fckerrer sigorta olu\u015fturmazken, somut hasar\u0131n \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan m\u00fckerrer \u00f6demeler ger\u00e7ek hasar\u0131n tazmini ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k te\u015fkil eder (Bak\u0131rk\u00f6y 5. ATM, 01.06.2021, 2021\/349 E., 2021\/447 K.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"7-mulkiyet-disi-menfaat-turleri-ve-hak-sahipleri\">7. <strong>M\u00fclkiyet D\u0131\u015f\u0131 Menfaat T\u00fcrleri ve Hak Sahipleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Doktrinde ve yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131nda, m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2lde sigortalanabilir menfaate sahip oldu\u011fu kabul edilen ba\u015fl\u0131ca s\u00fcjeler \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"341\" src=\"https:\/\/altinova.av.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ChatGPT-Image-1-Eyl-2026-14_50_04-1024x341.png\" alt=\"Malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Sigortalar\u0131nda Menfaat \u0130lkesi\" class=\"wp-image-3131\" srcset=\"https:\/\/altinova.av.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ChatGPT-Image-1-Eyl-2026-14_50_04-1024x341.png 1024w, https:\/\/altinova.av.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ChatGPT-Image-1-Eyl-2026-14_50_04-300x100.png 300w, https:\/\/altinova.av.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ChatGPT-Image-1-Eyl-2026-14_50_04-768x256.png 768w, https:\/\/altinova.av.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ChatGPT-Image-1-Eyl-2026-14_50_04-1536x512.png 1536w, https:\/\/altinova.av.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ChatGPT-Image-1-Eyl-2026-14_50_04-2048x683.png 2048w, https:\/\/altinova.av.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ChatGPT-Image-1-Eyl-2026-14_50_04-18x6.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Sigortalar\u0131nda Menfaat \u0130lkesi<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/altinova.av.tr\/en\/kira-hukuku\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"3051\">Kirac\u0131<\/a> ve Zilyetler:<\/strong> Kirac\u0131n\u0131n menfaati mal\u0131n m\u00fclkiyetine de\u011fil, kullan\u0131m hakk\u0131na, zilyetli\u011fin sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 semerelere ve s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden do\u011fan iade\/\u00f6zen y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne dayan\u0131r. Ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n yanmas\u0131 veya hasarlanmas\u0131 kirac\u0131y\u0131 kullan\u0131m hakk\u0131ndan mahrum b\u0131rakabilece\u011fi gibi, s\u00f6zle\u015fmesel sorumluluk riski de do\u011furabilir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kirac\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nmaz i\u00e7in yang\u0131n\/h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k teminat\u0131 alabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>S\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 Ayni Hak Sahipleri (\u0130ntifa, \u0130potek, Rehin):<\/strong> \u0130ntifa hakk\u0131 sahibi, e\u015fyadan yararlanma ve gelir elde etme yetkisini korumak \u00fczere intifa de\u011feri oran\u0131nda; rehinli\/ipotekli alacakl\u0131 ise teminat konusu mal\u0131n de\u011fer kaybetmesiyle alaca\u011f\u0131n tahsil kabiliyetinin zay\u0131flamas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek amac\u0131yla alacak tutar\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olarak sigorta yapt\u0131rabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Finansal Kirac\u0131:<\/strong> Finansal kiralama s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinde m\u00fclkiyet kiralama \u015firketinde kal\u0131rken, zilyetlik, ekonomik yararlanma ve hasar riski kirac\u0131ya aittir; bu sebeple finansal kirac\u0131 do\u011frudan sigortalanabilir menfaate sahiptir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>S\u00f6zle\u015fmesel ve Ticari Alacakl\u0131lar:<\/strong> Borcun ifas\u0131 belirli bir malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 unsurunun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve korunmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 ise, alacakl\u0131 bu varl\u0131k \u00fczerinde sigortalanabilir ekonomik menfaate sahip olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"8-usuli-sonuclar-ve-dava-stratejisine-etkiler\"><strong>8.<\/strong> <strong>Usuli Sonu\u00e7lar ve Dava Stratejisine Etkiler<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"8-a-dava-ehliyeti-ve-aktif-husumet\"><strong>8.A. Dava Ehliyeti ve Aktif Husumet<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Zarar sigortalar\u0131nda tazminat davas\u0131 a\u00e7ma hakk\u0131 (aktif husumet), poli\u00e7ede &#8220;sigorta ettiren&#8221; olarak yer alana de\u011fil, riziko an\u0131nda hasara u\u011frayan menfaatin sahibi olan &#8220;sigortal\u0131ya&#8221; aittir (TTK m. 1454). Malik olmayan ancak kendi menfaatini sigortalatan kirac\u0131 veya rehin alacakl\u0131s\u0131, kendi zarar kalemleri i\u00e7in ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak dava ikame edebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Menfaatin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 dava \u015fart\u0131 niteli\u011finde olup mahkemece resen (kendili\u011finden) g\u00f6zetilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"8-b-ispat-yukunun-dagilimi-ttk-m-1409-baglami\"><strong>8.B. \u0130spat Y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 (TTK m. 1409 Ba\u011flam\u0131)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Davac\u0131n\u0131n (Sigortal\u0131n\u0131n) \u0130spat Y\u00fck\u00fc:<\/strong> Tazminat talep eden taraf; ge\u00e7erli bir sigorta ili\u015fkisinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, rizikonun teminat s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fini, riziko konusu \u00fczerinde para ile \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir me\u015fru bir menfaatinin bulundu\u011funu ve bu menfaatin kapsam\/miktar\u0131n\u0131 ispatlamak zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Daval\u0131n\u0131n (Sigortac\u0131n\u0131n) \u0130spat Y\u00fck\u00fc:<\/strong> TTK m. 1409\/2 gere\u011fince rizikonun teminat d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir h\u00e2lden (\u00f6rne\u011fin kasten \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan yang\u0131n, harp hali vb.) kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ispat y\u00fck\u00fc sigortac\u0131dad\u0131r; ancak menfaat yoklu\u011fu savunmas\u0131 bir &#8220;itiraz&#8221; niteli\u011finde olup her a\u015famada ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclebilir ve sigortac\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ncelikli savunma stratejisini olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"8-c-yargitay-ictihatlari-isiginda-usuli-durum\"><strong>8.C. Yarg\u0131tay \u0130\u00e7tihatlar\u0131 I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Usuli Durum<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Zarar Sigortalar\u0131nda Sigorta Konusu Menfaattir:<\/strong> Yarg\u0131tay 17. Hukuk Dairesi&#8217;nin 2016\/17379 E. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda vurguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, zarar sigortalar\u0131nda sigortan\u0131n konusu mal\u0131n bizatihi kendisi de\u011fil, o mal \u00fczerindeki ekonomik menfaattir. Malik olunmamas\u0131 tek ba\u015f\u0131na aktif husumet yoklu\u011fu sonucunu do\u011furmaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>CIF Sat\u0131\u015flarda Menfaatin Sona Ermesi ve Hukuki Yarar Yoklu\u011fu:<\/strong> Yarg\u0131tay 11. Hukuk Dairesi&#8217;nin 28.09.2020 tarihli, E. 2020\/3604 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda, CIF teslimli sat\u0131\u015fta y\u00fckleme liman\u0131nda mal\u0131n al\u0131c\u0131ya teslimi ve hasar\u0131n ge\u00e7mesiyle sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n mal \u00fczerindeki menfaatinin sona erdi\u011fi, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla lehtar\u0131 kendisi olan sigorta s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesinde sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n hukuki yarar\u0131n\u0131n ve menfaatinin kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Benzer \u015fekilde FOB sat\u0131\u015flara ili\u015fkin Yarg\u0131tay 11. Hukuk Dairesi&#8217;nin E. 2017\/682, K. 2018\/8066 say\u0131l\u0131 ilam\u0131nda da hasar ve menfaat ge\u00e7i\u015f anlar\u0131 davan\u0131n sonucunu do\u011frudan belirlemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"9-maddi-hukuk-sonuclari-ve-risk-alanlari\"><strong>9. Maddi Hukuk Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ve Risk Alanlar\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"9-a-cifte-sigorta-ve-mukerrerlik-olusmamasi\"><strong>9.A. \u00c7ifte Sigorta ve M\u00fckerrerlik Olu\u015fmamas\u0131<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Ayn\u0131 mal \u00fczerinde farkl\u0131 hukuki s\u0131fatlara sahip ki\u015filerin (\u00f6rne\u011fin malik, intifa hakk\u0131 sahibi, kirac\u0131, ipotek alacakl\u0131s\u0131) birbirinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z menfaatleri bulundu\u011fundan, her bir menfaat sahibi kendi iktisadi \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131 oran\u0131nda ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 sigorta yapt\u0131rabilir. Bu durum TTK anlam\u0131nda m\u00fckerrer\/\u00e7ifte sigorta te\u015fkil etmez; zira m\u00fckerrer sigortadan s\u00f6z edebilmek i\u00e7in &#8220;ayn\u0131 menfaatin, ayn\u0131 rizikolara kar\u015f\u0131, ayn\u0131 s\u00fcre i\u00e7in birden fazla sigortac\u0131ya sigorta ettirilmesi&#8221; gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"9-b-askin-sigorta-riski-ve-tenzil\"><strong>9.B. A\u015fk\u0131n Sigorta Riski ve Tenzil<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Malik olmayan s\u00fcjeler menfaatlerini sigortalat\u0131rken poli\u00e7e bedelini mal\u0131n tam piyasa de\u011feri \u00fczerinden belirlemi\u015flerse, a\u015fk\u0131n sigorta (TTK m. 1463) riski ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Kirac\u0131n\u0131n veya rehin alacakl\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n tazminat hakk\u0131, mal\u0131n tam de\u011feriyle de\u011fil, maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 fiili ekonomik kay\u0131p veya teminat alt\u0131na al\u0131nan alacak miktar\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r; a\u015fan k\u0131s\u0131m ge\u00e7ersiz say\u0131l\u0131r. Ancak TTK m. 1455 uyar\u0131nca k\u0131smi menfaat sahibi durumu di\u011fer payda\u015flar\/menfaat sahipleri lehine kurmu\u015fsa, a\u015fan k\u0131s\u0131m di\u011fer ilgililere tahsis edilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"9-c-menfaat-sahibinin-degismesi-ve-sozlesmenin-akibeti\"><strong>9.C. Menfaat Sahibinin De\u011fi\u015fmesi ve S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin Ak\u0131beti<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>TTK m. 1470 uyar\u0131nca, sigorta edilen menfaatin devredilmesi h\u00e2linde (\u00f6rne\u011fin kiralanan\u0131n tahliyesi veya ipotek konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n sat\u0131lmas\u0131), kural olarak sigorta ili\u015fkisi kendili\u011finden sona erer. Menfaati sona eren kimse, bu tarihten sonra ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen rizikolar i\u00e7in tazminat talep edemez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"10-somut-olaya-uygulanabilecek-cikarimlar\"><strong>10. Somut Olaya Uygulanabilecek \u00c7\u0131kar\u0131mlar<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pratikte bir malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda menfaat ili\u015fkisinin analizi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ad\u0131mlarla y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmelidir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Ad\u0131mlar<\/th><th>Detay<\/th><th>A\u00e7\u0131klama<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Ad\u0131m 1<\/td><td>Sigorta T\u00fcr\u00fc ve Konusunun Tespiti<\/td><td>&#8211;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ad\u0131m 2<\/td><td>Ki\u015fisel Hukuki Ba\u011f\u0131n \u0130ncelenmesi<\/td><td>M\u00fclkiyet, Kira, \u0130ntifa, Rehin, Zilyetlik, Finansal Kiralama, Alacak<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ad\u0131m 3<\/td><td>Menfaatin Para ile \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fclebilirli\u011fi ve Me\u015fruiyeti<\/td><td>Objektif ekonomik de\u011fer ve hukuka uygunluk denetim<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ad\u0131m 4<\/td><td>Zamansal Ge\u00e7erlilik Denetimi (TTK m. 1408)<\/td><td>&#8211; S\u00f6zle\u015fme kurulurken menfaat var m\u0131yd\u0131? (Yoksa: Butlan)<br>&#8211; Riziko ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011finde menfaat devam ediyor muydu? (Sona ermi\u015fse: H\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fck)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ad\u0131m 5<\/td><td>Menfaat De\u011feri ile Sigorta Bedelinin Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/td><td>A\u015fk\u0131n sigorta ve zenginle\u015fme yasa\u011f\u0131 denetimi &#8211; TTK m. 1463 \/ m. 1455<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Tapu\/Ruhsat Kayd\u0131na Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 Kal\u0131nmamal\u0131d\u0131r:<\/strong> Sigortal\u0131 s\u0131fat\u0131yla tazminat talep eden ki\u015finin malik olmamas\u0131 davan\u0131n reddini gerektirmez; mahkemeye sunulacak delillerle ki\u015finin zilyetlik, kira, ticari i\u015fletme faaliyeti veya ayni\/\u015fahsi teminat ili\u015fkisi kan\u0131tlanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Kira ve Finansal Kiralama \u0130li\u015fkilerinde Risk Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131:<\/strong> Kirac\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131 davalarda kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi h\u00fck\u00fcmleri irdelenmeli; kirac\u0131n\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmaz \u00fczerinde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 faydal\u0131\/zorunlu masraflar, dekorasyon menfaati veya s\u00f6zle\u015fmesel hasar sorumlulu\u011fu somut zararla ili\u015fkilendirilmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Milletleraras\u0131 Ticari Sat\u0131\u015flarda Hasar \u0130ncelemesi:<\/strong> Incoterms (CIF, FOB vb.) kurallar\u0131na tabi ta\u015f\u0131malarda, hasar\u0131n ve menfaatin intikal an\u0131 ile poli\u00e7enin tanzim ve riziko tarihleri kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131; menfaati sona eren sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n aktif husumetinin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zetilmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"9\" class=\"wp-block-list\"><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"11-acik-sorular-istisnalar-ve-belirsizlikler\"><strong>11. A\u00e7\u0131k Sorular, \u0130stisnalar ve Belirsizlikler<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Parametrik ve G\u00f6sterge Temelli Sigortalarda Menfaat Denetimi:<\/strong> Geleneksel malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sigortalar\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 olarak, belirli bir fiziki parametrenin (\u00f6rne\u011fin deprem b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, don veya kurakl\u0131k endeksi) ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesiyle \u00f6deme yapan parametrik sigortalarda, sigortal\u0131n\u0131n somut ve m\u00fcnferit zarar\u0131n\u0131 ispat zorunlulu\u011funun bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 doktrinde tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak bu sigortalarda dahi bahis s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmeyi engellemek ad\u0131na genel bir ekonomik menfaat ili\u015fkisinin ba\u015ftan tesis edilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 zorunludur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Soyut Alacak Haklar\u0131n\u0131n Menfaat Niteli\u011fi:<\/strong> Salt adi alacakl\u0131lar\u0131n bor\u00e7lunun genel malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerindeki menfaatinin mal sigortas\u0131na konu edilip edilemeyece\u011fi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 kesin \u00e7izilmemi\u015f bir aland\u0131r; genel kabul, alacakl\u0131n\u0131n menfaatinin ancak belirli bir e\u015fyaya ayni teminatla veya s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyle do\u011frudan ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda temin edilebilece\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcndedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"12-sonuc-ve-pratik-degerlendirme\"><strong>12. Sonu\u00e7 ve Pratik De\u011ferlendirme<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sigortalar\u0131nda egemen olan menfaat ilkesi gere\u011fince; <strong>&#8220;rizikonun ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmemesinde para ile \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir bir menfaati olmayan kimse sigorta yapt\u0131ramaz; ancak sigortalanabilir menfaatin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 \u015fart de\u011fildir&#8221;<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sigorta s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin temel objesi nesnenin maddi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fil, o nesne ile hak sahibi aras\u0131ndaki hukuken tan\u0131nan, me\u015fru ve ekonomik de\u011fer ili\u015fkisidir. Bu do\u011frultuda; m\u00fclkiyet belgesinin yoklu\u011funa dayanan sigortac\u0131 savunmalar\u0131, sigortal\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ayni hak, zilyetlik, s\u00f6zle\u015fmesel sorumluluk veya alacak ba\u011f\u0131 gibi hukuki ili\u015fkilerini ve bunlara dayal\u0131 ekonomik kay\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131 ispatlamas\u0131 h\u00e2linde hukuken ge\u00e7ersiz kalacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n tahlilinde ve dava stratejilerinde esas al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken temel parametre: <em>&#8220;Riziko vuku buldu\u011funda kimin malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, do\u011frudan do\u011fruya ve para ile \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir ne kadarl\u0131k bir eksilme meydana gelmi\u015ftir?&#8221;<\/em> sorusunun cevab\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. Giri\u015f ve Kavramsal \u00c7er\u00e7eve: Malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Sigortalar\u0131nda Menfaat \u0130lkesi T\u00fcrk sigorta hukukunda malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (zarar) sigortalar\u0131n\u0131n temel dire\u011fini menfaat ilkesi olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. 6102 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanunu\u2019nun (TTK) 1401. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca sigorta s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi; &#8220;(1) Sigorta s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, sigortac\u0131n\u0131n bir prim kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, ki\u015finin para ile \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir bir menfaatini zarara u\u011fratan tehlikenin, rizikonun, meydana gelmesi h\u00e2linde bunu tazmin [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3132,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[312],"tags":[315,314,313],"class_list":["post-3130","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sigorta-hukuku","tag-menfaat-ilkesi","tag-sigorta","tag-sigorta-hukuku"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/altinova.av.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3130","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/altinova.av.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/altinova.av.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/altinova.av.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/altinova.av.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3130"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/altinova.av.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3130\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3133,"href":"https:\/\/altinova.av.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3130\/revisions\/3133"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/altinova.av.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3132"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/altinova.av.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3130"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/altinova.av.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3130"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/altinova.av.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3130"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}