\u0130nan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015flem ve muvazaa aras\u0131ndaki fark, \u00f6zellikle ta\u015f\u0131nmaz devri, miras uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131 ve tapu davalar\u0131nda s\u0131k\u00e7a \u00f6nem kazan\u0131r. Her ikisi de taraflar aras\u0131nda g\u00fcven ili\u015fkisine dayansa da, hukuki nitelikleri, ge\u00e7erlilikleri ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filere etkileri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan temelden ayr\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130nan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015flemde taraflar\u0131n ger\u00e7ek iradesi ile g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrdeki i\u015flem \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr ve s\u00f6zle\u015fme hukuken ge\u00e7erlidir. Muvazaada ise g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrdeki i\u015flem, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fileri yan\u0131ltmak amac\u0131yla ger\u00e7ek iradeye ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r ve genellikle h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fczd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu makalede, 6098 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu (TBK), 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu (TMK) ve Yarg\u0131tay i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda her iki kurumu en ince ayr\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131na kadar ele alaca\u011f\u0131z. 2026 itibar\u0131yla herhangi bir yasal de\u011fi\u015fiklik olmam\u0131\u015f; temel dayanaklar (TBK md. 26 s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, TBK md. 19 muvazaa ve 5.2.1947 tarihli 20\/6 say\u0131l\u0131 Yarg\u0131tay \u0130\u00e7tihad\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme Karar\u0131) ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini korumaktad\u0131r. Makale, hem uygulamada kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilece\u011finiz riskleri ayd\u0131nlatmak hem de haklar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 korumak amac\u0131yla haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130nan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015flem (inan\u00e7 s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi), taraflar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 g\u00fcvenine dayanan bor\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmedir. \u0130nanan (g\u00fcvenen taraf), belirli bir amaca (teminat sa\u011flamak veya idare etmek) ula\u015fmak \u00fczere malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na dahil bir \u015fey veya hakk\u0131 inan\u0131lana (g\u00fcvenilen tarafa) devreder. \u0130nan\u0131lan ise bu devri, aralar\u0131ndaki anla\u015fmaya uygun \u015fekilde kullan\u0131r ve ama\u00e7 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011finde veya s\u00fcre doldu\u011funda mal\u0131\/hakk\u0131 inanana (veya g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fiye) iade etmeyi taahh\u00fct eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130nan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015flemler, teminat ama\u00e7l\u0131 (borca kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k mal devri) veya idare ama\u00e7l\u0131 (y\u00f6netim kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131) olabilir. Saf inan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015flemde yaln\u0131zca inanan yararlan\u0131r; karma inan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015flemde her iki taraf da menfaat sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Do\u011frudan kanunda d\u00fczenlenmemi\u015f olsa da TBK md. 26\u2019daki s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ilkesi uyar\u0131nca ge\u00e7erlidir. Yarg\u0131tay, inan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015flemleri \u201cinanan\u0131n teminat olu\u015fturmak veya y\u00f6netilmek \u00fczere malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kapsam\u0131ndaki bir \u015fey veya hakk\u0131n\u0131 inan\u0131lana devretmesi ve inan\u0131lan\u0131n da inan\u00e7 anla\u015fmas\u0131ndaki ko\u015fullara uygun olarak inan\u00e7 konusu \u015feyi kullanmas\u0131, ama\u00e7 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011finde ise belirlenen \u015fekilde inanana iade etmesini i\u00e7eren i\u015flemler\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlamaktad\u0131r (Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu, 23 Ekim 2024 tarihli 2023\/1079 E., 2024\/528 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ve benzeri 2024-2025 i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ta\u015f\u0131nmazlarda tapu devri ge\u00e7erlidir; ancak inan\u00e7 s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi yaz\u0131l\u0131 delille (veya delil ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 ile) ispatlan\u0131r. \u0130nanan, iade istemini tapu iptali ve tescil davas\u0131 ile ileri s\u00fcrebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Muvazaa, taraflar\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fileri aldatmak amac\u0131yla ger\u00e7ek iradelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr i\u015flem yapmalar\u0131d\u0131r. TBK md. 19\u2019a g\u00f6re \u201cbir s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ve i\u00e7eri\u011finin belirlenmesinde ve yorumlanmas\u0131nda, taraflar\u0131n yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131kla veya ger\u00e7ek ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 gizlemek i\u00e7in kulland\u0131klar\u0131 s\u00f6zc\u00fcklere bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n, ger\u00e7ek ve ortak iradeleri esas al\u0131n\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Muvazaada ama\u00e7, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fileri yan\u0131ltmak ve ger\u00e7ek durumu gizlemektir. Bor\u00e7tan kurtulma, miras\u00e7\u0131lardan mal ka\u00e7\u0131rma veya vergi avantaj\u0131 gibi sebeplerle s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u0130\u015flem, taraflar aras\u0131nda ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fildir ve re\u2019sen (kendili\u011finden) h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz kabul edilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Her iki kavram da g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrde bir i\u015flem i\u00e7erir ancak irade, ge\u00e7erlilik ve sonu\u00e7lar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ayr\u0131l\u0131r. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tabloda farklar \u00f6zetlenmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130nan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015flemde m\u00fclkiyet ger\u00e7ekten ge\u00e7er; inan\u0131lana tam m\u00fclkiyet tan\u0131n\u0131r ancak iade borcu vard\u0131r. Muvazaada m\u00fclkiyet ge\u00e7i\u015fi samimi de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Uygulamada inan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015flem ile muvazaa s\u0131k\u00e7a i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7er. \u00d6rne\u011fin teminat ama\u00e7l\u0131 devir muvazaal\u0131 iddia edilebilir; mahkeme ger\u00e7ek iradeyi ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Yarg\u0131tay, 1947 \u0130BK\u2019yi temel alarak i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedir. \u00d6nemli \u00f6rnekler:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pratik \u00d6rnekler:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Taraflar aras\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclen davada; Davac\u0131, daval\u0131 \u015e…\u2019den ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 borca teminat olarak 1072 ada 130 parsel say\u0131l\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n\u0131 daval\u0131 \u015e…evretti\u011fini, ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 borcu \u00f6dedi\u011finde ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n iade edilece\u011fi hususunda anla\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, ancak daval\u0131n\u0131n anla\u015fmaya uymadan ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131 daval\u0131 H…ye temlik etti\u011fini, daval\u0131 H…\u2019nin taraflar aras\u0131ndaki inan\u00e7 s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini bilerek devrald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, daval\u0131lar\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcniyetli olduklar\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcp tapu kayd\u0131n\u0131n iptali ile ad\u0131na tescilini olmazsa ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n rayi\u00e7 de\u011feri ile u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zarar ve masraflar\u0131n \u00f6denmesine karar verilmesini istemi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Daval\u0131 \u015e…aralar\u0131ndaki s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye g\u00f6re davac\u0131n\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 borcu 31.8.2004 tarihine kadar \u00f6dedi\u011fi takdirde ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n geri verilece\u011fi, ancak bu tarihte \u00f6denmezse evi geri almaktan vazge\u00e7mi\u015f say\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kabul edildi\u011fini, davac\u0131n\u0131n bu tarihten sonra dahi borcunu \u00f6demedi\u011fini, evi di\u011fer daval\u0131ya satmak zorunda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, daval\u0131 H., iyiniyetli 3. \u015fah\u0131s konumunda oldu\u011funu, davac\u0131 ve di\u011fer daval\u0131 ile hukuki ve fiili bir ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, yat\u0131r\u0131m amac\u0131yla dava konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirip davan\u0131n reddini savunmu\u015flard\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Mahkemece, tapu kayd\u0131n\u0131n iptaline ya da tazminata h\u00fckmedebilmek i\u00e7in borcun teminat\u0131 olarak yap\u0131lan temlik i\u015fleminde \u00f6ncelikle bor\u00e7lunun alacakl\u0131ya borcunu tamamen \u00f6demesi gerekti\u011fi gerek\u00e7esiyle davan\u0131n reddine karar verilmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Karar, davac\u0131 vekili taraf\u0131ndan s\u00fcresinde temyiz edilmi\u015f olmakla; Tetkik Hakimi .. .. raporu okundu, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi al\u0131nd\u0131. Dosya incelendi, gere\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcp d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Karar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Davac\u0131, 1072 ada, 130 parsel say\u0131l\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nmazdaki 1.kat 28 numaral\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc borcunun teminat\u0131 olarak 3.10.2003 tarihinde sat\u0131\u015f bi\u00e7iminde daval\u0131 \u015e….S..temlik etti\u011fini; ayn\u0131 tarihte taraflar\u0131n imzas\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan (protokol) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 harici belge d\u00fczenlendi\u011fini; bu belgede, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz devrinin teminat ama\u00e7l\u0131 oldu\u011funun, 31.8.2004 tarihine kadar borcun \u00f6denmemesi durumunda, davac\u0131n\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n iadesini istemekten vazge\u00e7mi\u015f say\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131; daval\u0131 \u015e…in \u00e7eki\u015fmeli ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, muvazaal\u0131 olarak k\u00f6t\u00fc niyetli di\u011fer daval\u0131 H…D…7.4.2005 tarihinde yine sat\u0131\u015f yoluyla aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, borcu \u00f6demeye haz\u0131r oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrerek, iptal ve tescil, olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n rayi\u00e7 de\u011feri ile u\u011fran\u0131lan zararlar\u0131n tazminini istemi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Daval\u0131 \u015e.., inan\u00e7 s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine uygun hareket etti\u011fini, daval\u0131 H..iyiniyetli oldu\u011funu savunmu\u015f, mahkemece, borcun vadesinde \u00f6denmedi\u011fi gerek\u00e7esiyle, davan\u0131n reddine karar verilmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00d6ncelikle belirtmek gerekir ki, 3.10.2003 tarihli belgenin inan\u00e7 s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi niteli\u011finde bulundu\u011fu, taraflar\u0131n ve mahkemenin de kabul\u00fcndedir. Esasen, belgenin i\u00e7eri\u011fi ve mahiyeti de bunu do\u011frulamaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere; yasa koyucu bor\u00e7 do\u011furan akitlerin kapsam\u0131n\u0131 belirlemede akit serbestisi ilkesini benimsemi\u015ftir. (B.K: 19\/1) Ayn\u0131 maddenin 2.f\u0131kras\u0131nda “emredici kurallara, ahlaka (adaba) ya da kamu d\u00fczenine veya ki\u015fisel haklara ayk\u0131r\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece iki taraf\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerin ge\u00e7erli olaca\u011f\u0131” vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Bor\u00e7lar Kanununun 20.maddesinde “Bir akdin mevzuu gayri m\u00fcmk\u00fcn veya gayri muhik yahut ahlaka (adaba) muyagir olursa o akit bat\u0131ld\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Akdin muhtevi oldu\u011fu \u015fartlardan bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n butlan\u0131, akdi iptal etmeyip yaln\u0131z o \u015fart la\u011fvolur.”denilmektedir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Ger\u00e7ekten de, h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz olup ge\u00e7erli hale getirilemeyen i\u015flemlerin bat\u0131l olaca\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131z olup, bu hususunda res’en (kendili\u011finden) nazara al\u0131nmas\u0131 zorunludur. Butlan\u0131 dermeyan eden ki\u015fi, davac\u0131n\u0131n o konuda hakk\u0131n\u0131n mevcut oldu\u011funu kabul etmiyor demektir. Butlan niteli\u011fi itibariyle mutlak sonu\u00e7 do\u011furur. Keza butlan, akdin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne ili\u015fkin de olabilir. Burada akdin yorumu de\u011fil, yanlar\u0131n varsay\u0131lan iradelerine dayal\u0131 olarak s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin yeniden olu\u015fmas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusudur. (…muteber k\u0131s\u0131m, gayri muteber k\u0131s\u0131m sebebiyle, gayri muteber olmaz. “utile per inutile non vitiatur”…) Belirtilen ilkenin do\u011fal sonucu olarak ge\u00e7erli olmayan k\u0131s\u0131m, zamanla ge\u00e7erli hale gelmez. 14.1.1948 tarih 20\/2 Say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130nan\u00e7lar\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme Karar\u0131na g\u00f6re “kanuna ve ahlaka ayk\u0131r\u0131 akitlerin belli edilmesinde Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu h\u00fck\u00fcmleri yan\u0131nda di\u011fer mevzuat\u0131n da g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulmas\u0131 gerekir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n E…hukuk kurallar\u0131, uyulmas\u0131 zorunlu kurallard\u0131r. Yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k durumu, \u00f6zellikle cezay\u0131 gerektiyorsa, bor\u00e7lu taraf\u0131ndan taahh\u00fct edilen hareket tarz\u0131 bat\u0131l olur. Ahlak ve adaba ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131ktan ama\u00e7lanan, sosyal ve ekonomik ahlakt\u0131r. D… ve do\u011fru insanlar\u0131n ortalama g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerine g\u00f6re, ahlak veya adaba ayk\u0131r\u0131 sonu\u00e7 do\u011furan ya da kolayla\u015ft\u0131ran bor\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 akitler de bat\u0131l say\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca ki\u015fisel veya ekonomik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kabul edilemez derecede ya da ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bi\u00e7imde s\u0131n\u0131rlayan s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler de ahlak ve adaba ayk\u0131r\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fer. Zira, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye ba\u011flanan s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar, bor\u00e7lunun ki\u015filik ve bekas\u0131 i\u00e7in zorunlu olan ko\u015fullar\u0131 ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc \u015fekilde tehlikeye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmemeli, onun i\u00e7in katlan\u0131lamaz ve \u00e7\u00f6kertici bir d\u00fczeye gelmemelidir. Yoksa ki\u015fi, ekonomik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yitirir ve alacakl\u0131n\u0131n mutlak iradesine tabi olur. Onun i\u00e7in yasa koyucu bir\u00e7ok \u00f6zel h\u00fck\u00fcmle bor\u00e7lunun bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 tenzil ve refedilmesine izin vermi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Di\u011fer yandan;inan\u00e7 s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, inananla inan\u0131lan aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan , onlar\u0131n hak ve bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 belirleyen, inan\u00e7l\u0131 muamelenin sona erme sebeplerini ve devredilen hakk\u0131n, inan\u0131lan taraf\u0131ndan inanana geri verme (iade) \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren bor\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bir muameledir. Bu s\u00f6zle\u015fme, taraflar\u0131n\u0131n hak ve bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kapsayan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir akit olup, alacak ve m\u00fclkiyetin naklinin hukuki sebebini te\u015fkil eder. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Taraflar b\u00f6yle bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 i\u015flemle genellikle, teminat te\u015fkil etmek veya idare olunmak \u00fczere, mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na dahil bir \u015fey veya hakk\u0131, ayn\u0131 amac\u0131 g\u00fcden ola\u011fan hukuki muamelelerden daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir hukuki durum yaratarak, inan\u0131lana inan\u00e7l\u0131 olarak kazand\u0131rmak i\u00e7in ba\u015fvururlar. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Di\u011fer bir anlat\u0131mla, bu i\u015flemle bor\u00e7lu, alacakl\u0131s\u0131na mal\u0131n\u0131 rehin edecek, yani yaln\u0131zca s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ayni bir hak tan\u0131yacak yerde, mal\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fclkiyetini ge\u00e7irerek rehin hakk\u0131ndan daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc, daha ileri giden bir hak tan\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 temlikin, de\u011finilen bu \u00f6zellikleri nedeniyle, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131 inan\u00e7 s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ile satan kimsenin art\u0131k sadece, \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 alm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu paray\u0131 geri vererek ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n\u0131 kendisine temlik edilmesini istemek yolunda bir alacak hakk\u0131; ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131, inan\u00e7 s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ile alan kimsenin de borcun \u00f6denmesi g\u00fcn\u00fcne kadar ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131 ba\u015fkas\u0131na satmamak ve bor\u00e7 \u00f6denince de geri vermek yolunda yaln\u0131zca bir borcu kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Di\u011fer bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131yla ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n m\u00fclkiyeti inan\u0131lana (alacakl\u0131ya) ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Ta\u015f\u0131nmazda inanarak satan\u0131n (bor\u00e7lu) m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n bu m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 \u00fczerinde kurulmu\u015f olan bir rehin hakk\u0131ndan da s\u00f6z edilemez. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu durumda; gayrimenkul rehni bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi olan M.K.nun 873. maddesinin inan\u00e7 s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerine dayal\u0131 temlike konu ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan uygulama yeri olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 da ku\u015fkusuzdur. Nitekim bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce Hukuk Genel kurulunun 23.5.1990 g\u00fcn ve l990\/1-202-315 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda da aynen benimsenmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Bilindi\u011fi gibi, inan\u00e7 s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri, taraflar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 iradelerine uygun bulundu\u011fu i\u00e7in, onlara kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 bor\u00e7 y\u00fckleyen ve alacak hakk\u0131 veren ge\u00e7erli s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerdir. (Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu mad.81) An\u0131lan s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerde, taraflar, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kendilerine y\u00fckledi\u011fi hak ve bor\u00e7lar\u0131 belirlerken, inan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015flemin sona erme sebeplerini; devredilen hakk\u0131n inan\u0131lan taraf\u0131ndan inanana iade \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131, bu arada tabii ki s\u00fcresini de belirleyebilirler. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, akde ayk\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131na da s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinde yer verebilirler.Buna dair akit h\u00fck\u00fcmleri de Bor\u00e7lar Kanununun 19 ve 20 maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k te\u015fkil etmedi\u011fi s\u00fcrece ge\u00e7erli say\u0131l\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130nan\u00e7 s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 i\u015flemle alacakl\u0131 olan taraf, \u00f6deme g\u00fcn\u00fc gelince alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 elde etmek i\u00e7in dilerse; teminat i\u00e7in temlik edilen \u015feyi \u201c ifa u\u011fruna edim \u201c olarak kendisinde al\u0131koyabilece\u011fi gibi; o \u015feyi, a\u00e7\u0131k art\u0131rma yoluyla veya serbest\u00e7e sat\u0131p sat\u0131\u015f bedelinden alma yoluna da ba\u015fvurabilir. Bu sonu\u00e7lar kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc bu akdin tabiat\u0131nda mevcuttur. S\u00f6zle\u015fme ile \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen ifa s\u00fcresi i\u00e7erisinde, s\u0131rf s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi imkans\u0131z k\u0131lmak amac\u0131yla muvazaal\u0131 olarak yap\u0131lan temliklerin yasal koruma alt\u0131nda tutulam\u0131yaca\u011f\u0131 izahtan varestedir. Meri hukuk sistemimizde her hangi bir d\u00fczenleme olmamas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n;inan\u00e7 s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinin ,yukar\u0131da de\u011finilen ilkeler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde uygulama yeri bulan kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc bir m\u00fcessese oldu\u011fu, \u00f6\u011freti ve uygulamada kabul edilegelen bir olgudur. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130nan\u00e7 s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinin taraflar\u0131 aras\u0131nda,onlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ek iradelerini ve akitten ama\u00e7lad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131tmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011fu;taraflar\u0131na Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde nisbi haklar\u0131n\u0131 talep etme olana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131zd\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Burada \u00fczerinde durulmas\u0131 gereken husus,ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mallar yada \u015fekle ba\u011fl\u0131 akitlerde inan\u00e7 s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinin ne gibi hukuki sonu\u00e7 do\u011furaca\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Di\u011fer bir anlat\u0131mla,s\u00f6zle\u015fmede \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen ko\u015fullar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi halinde, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz m\u00fclkiyetinin naklinin sebebini olu\u015fturup olu\u015fturmayaca\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere; uygulamada mesele,5.2.1947 tarih 20\/6 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130nan\u00e7lar\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme karar\u0131 ile ili\u015fkilendirilip, bu karar dayanak yap\u0131lmak suretiyle \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme gidilmektedir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n S\u00f6z konusu kararda; eski hukuka g\u00f6re m\u00fcmk\u00fcn ve ge\u00e7erli olan muvazaa ve nam-\u0131 m\u00fcstear iddialar\u0131n\u0131n, Medeni Kanunun y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden sonra ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mallar hakk\u0131nda dinlenip dinlenemeyece\u011fi tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n An\u0131lan kararda; \u00e7e\u015fitli sebep ve ama\u00e7larla bir ta\u015f\u0131nmaz kayd\u0131na ger\u00e7ek malik yerine ba\u015fka bir nam ve bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmede akitlerden biri yerine \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir \u015fahs\u0131n g\u00f6sterilmesinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu,bu gibi hallerde vekilin kendi nam\u0131na ve m\u00fcvekkili hesab\u0131na yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tasarruflarda oldu\u011fu gibi hukuki bir durum veya herhangi bir maksatla \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u015fah\u0131slardan ger\u00e7e\u011fi gizleme gayesi g\u00fcd\u00fclebilece\u011fi, \u201ck\u00f6t\u00fcniyetli ve haks\u0131z gizlemeler\u201dd\u0131\u015f\u0131nda,belirtilen olas\u0131l\u0131klara g\u00f6re a\u00e7\u0131lacak bir davan\u0131n, ger\u00e7ekten, ya mevcut bir hakka dayanarak bir el de\u011fi\u015ftirme veya bir hakk\u0131n korunmas\u0131 niteli\u011fini ta\u015f\u0131yaca\u011f\u0131; bu durumun da, temsil ve vekalet ili\u015fkisinde ,m\u00fclkiyette halefiyet esas\u0131 olarak kabul edilmi\u015f bir husus olup,halefiyeti d\u00fczeltme amac\u0131yla \u00f6ncelikle m\u00fclkiyetin vekile aidiyeti d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclse bile, temsil h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fundan bunun korunmas\u0131 ve devam\u0131na h\u00fckmolunam\u0131yaca\u011f\u0131 ,zira Bor\u00e7lar Kanununun \u201cm\u00fcvekkil vekiline kar\u015f\u0131 muhtelif bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ifa edince vekilin kendi nam\u0131na ve m\u00fcvekkili hesab\u0131na \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u015fah\u0131staki alaca\u011f\u0131 m\u00fcvekkilin olur\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi do\u011frulad\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00f6te yandan gerek ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r, gerek ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mallara ili\u015fkin olsun nam-\u0131 m\u00fcstear hadiselerinde, meselenin bir istihkak ve m\u00fclkiyet davas\u0131 niteli\u011fini ge\u00e7emeyece\u011finden, ne resmi senet, ne de \u015fekil meselesinin bahse konu olam\u0131yaca\u011f\u0131,meselenin akitte ve isimde muvazaay\u0131 kapsam\u0131na alan Bor\u00e7lar Yasas\u0131n\u0131n 18.maddesi kapsam\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmesinin kanunun amac\u0131na uygun d\u00fc\u015fece\u011fine, de\u011finildikten sonra sonu\u00e7ta,nam-\u0131 m\u00fcstear davalar\u0131n\u0131n dinlenebilir ve yaz\u0131l\u0131 delil ile isbat\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funa,h\u00fckmolunmu\u015ftur. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130\u00e7tihad\u0131 Bile\u015ftirme kararlar\u0131n\u0131n konular\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131,sonu\u00e7lar\u0131yla ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 bulundu\u011fu tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131zd\u0131r.Nam-\u0131 m\u00fcstear i\u00e7in d\u00fczenleme getiren 1947 tarihli karar\u0131n, teminat amac\u0131yla temlike dair inan\u00e7 s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerini kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131 da ku\u015fkusuzdur.Uygulamada an\u0131lan s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler gerek \u00f6z\u00fc,gerek i\u015fleyi\u015fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan,genelde muvazaa ,\u00f6zelde ise nam-\u0131 m\u00fcstear ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 alt\u0131nda nitelendirilegelmektedir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Belirtilen \u0130\u00e7tihad\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme Karar\u0131nda da de\u011finildi\u011fi \u00fczere;inan\u00e7 s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri bir yandan m\u00fclkiyeti nakil borcu do\u011furmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan taraflar\u0131 ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131, di\u011fer yandan,m\u00fclkiyetin naklinin sebebini te\u015fkil etmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan tasarruf i\u015flemlerini b\u00fcnyesinde bar\u0131nd\u0131ran s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerdir.Bu durumda ko\u015fullar\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131 halinde ta\u015f\u0131nmaz m\u00fclkiyetini nakil \u00f6zelli\u011fini ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilmelidir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n A\u00e7\u0131klanan ilkeler do\u011frultusunda, somut olaya bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 3.10.2003 tarihli belgenin inan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015flemin belgesi oldu\u011fu; ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n teminat ama\u00e7l\u0131 olarak temlik edildi\u011fi, s\u00f6zle\u015fmede yer alan vade \u015fart\u0131n\u0131n Bor\u00e7lar Kanununun 19. ve 20.maddeleri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin esas\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131ran, ki\u015finin ekonomik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131 esasl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde tehlikeye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcren bir nitelik ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 nedeniyle bat\u0131l oldu\u011fu, ancak s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle ge\u00e7ersiz olmas\u0131 sonucunu do\u011furamayaca\u011f\u0131; esasen vade \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclse bile, Bor\u00e7lar Kanununun 125.maddesinde belirtilen s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin her iki taraf\u0131n\u0131n edimin ifas\u0131n\u0131 isteyebilece\u011fi, bu anlamda Bor\u00e7lar Kanununun 81 nci maddesinin \u00f6nem kazanaca\u011f\u0131 ku\u015fkusuzdur. \u00d6te yandan, inan\u0131lan\u0131n (daval\u0131 \u015e…) temlik konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filere devir ve temlik edebilece\u011fi de a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Ne varki, inan\u0131lan ile devralan ki\u015fi, el ve i\u015fbirli\u011fi i\u00e7erisinde ve yaln\u0131zca dava konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n inanana (davac\u0131ya) iadesini imkans\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131rmak, inan\u00e7 s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin ifas\u0131n\u0131 engellemek amac\u0131yla hareket etmi\u015flerse devralan\u0131n (Hatice) iyiniyetinden s\u00f6z edilemeyece\u011fi, di\u011fer bir deyi\u015fle T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanununun 1023 nc\u00fc maddesinin koruyuculu\u011fundan yararlanamayaca\u011f\u0131 kabul edilmelidir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Hal b\u00f6yle olunca, yukar\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klanan ilkeler do\u011frultusunda toplanan ve toplanacak delillerin de\u011ferlendirilmesi, daval\u0131 H..nin iyiniyetli say\u0131l\u0131p say\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n saptanmas\u0131, has\u0131l olacak sonuca g\u00f6re bir karar verilmesi gerekirken, aksine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerle davan\u0131n reddedilmesi do\u011fru de\u011fildir. Davac\u0131n\u0131n, temyiz itirazlar\u0131 yerindedir. Kabul\u00fcyle, h\u00fckm\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc BOZULMASINA, al\u0131nan pe\u015fin harc\u0131n temyiz edene geri verilmesine, 21.11.2007 tarihinde oybirli\u011fiyle karar verildi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2026Dava, inan\u00e7 s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine dayal\u0131 tapu iptali ve tescil iste\u011fine ili\u015fkindir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Daval\u0131 davan\u0131n reddini savunmu\u015ftur. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Mahkemece davada dayan\u0131lan 9.12.1993 g\u00fcnl\u00fc s\u00f6zle\u015fme tapuda devir tarihi olan 13.4.1992 tarihinden sonraki bir tarihi ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bahisle kan\u0131tlanmayan davan\u0131n reddine karar vermi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n H\u00fckm\u00fc davac\u0131 temyiz etmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130nan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015flemler, inanan\u0131n teminat olu\u015fturmak veya y\u00f6netilmek \u00fczere mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kapsam\u0131ndaki bir \u015fey veya hakk\u0131n\u0131, inan\u0131lana devretmesi ve inan\u0131lan\u0131n da inan\u00e7 anla\u015fmas\u0131ndaki ko\u015fullara uygun olarak inan\u00e7 konusu \u015feyi kullanmas\u0131n\u0131, ama\u00e7 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011finde ise belirlenen \u015fekilde inanana iade etmesini i\u00e7eren i\u015flemlerdir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130nan\u00e7l\u0131 bir i\u015flem ile inanan, sahibi oldu\u011fu bir m\u00fclkiyet veya alacak hakk\u0131n\u0131 inan\u0131lana kazand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bir i\u015flemle devretmekte ancak bor\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme ile de onu baz\u0131 y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckler alt\u0131na sokmaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130nan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015flemin taraflar\u0131n\u0131, inanan ve inan\u0131lan olu\u015fturur. Bir hakk\u0131 ya da nesneyi, g\u00fcvendi\u011fi bir ki\u015fiye inan\u00e7l\u0131 olarak devreden kimseye “inanan” ad\u0131 verilir. Devredilen hak veya nesneyi, kendisine ait bir hak olarak kendi yarar\u0131na, do\u011frudan do\u011fruya ve dolayl\u0131 olarak kullanan ki\u015fiye de “inan\u0131lan” denir. \u0130nanan\u0131n, inan\u0131lana inan\u00e7l\u0131 olarak kazand\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 hak ya da nesne ise “inan\u00e7 konusu \u015fey” olarak nitelenir. \u0130nan\u00e7l\u0131 bir i\u015flemde, kazand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 i\u015flemin taraflar\u0131 ile bor\u00e7 do\u011furan anla\u015fman\u0131n taraflar\u0131 ayn\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130nan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015flemde inan\u0131lan, hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131rken kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan ko\u015fullara uymay\u0131, ama\u00e7 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fince veya s\u00fcre dolunca hak veya nesneyi tekrar inanana (veya onun g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fiye) devretmeyi y\u00fcklenmektedir. \u0130nan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015flem, kazand\u0131rmay\u0131 yapan ki\u015fiye yani inanana belirli \u015fartlar ger\u00e7ekle\u015fince, kazand\u0131rman\u0131n iadesini isteme hakk\u0131 sa\u011flayan bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmedir. Bu y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn yerine getirilmemesi halinde bunun dava yoluyla h\u00fckmen yerine getirilmesi istenebilir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130nan\u00e7 s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Bor\u00e7lar Kanunun 18.maddesi ile 5.2.1947 tarihli ve 20\/6 say\u0131l\u0131 Yarg\u0131tay \u0130\u00e7tihad\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme Karar\u0131ndan al\u0131r. S\u00f6z\u00fc edilen bu karar uyar\u0131nca inan\u00e7 ili\u015fkisinin ancak, yaz\u0131l\u0131 delille kan\u0131tlanabilir. Bu yaz\u0131l\u0131 delil, taraflar\u0131n getirecekleri ve onlar\u0131n imzalar\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan bir belge olmal\u0131d\u0131r. K\u0131saca, inan\u00e7 ili\u015fkisinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul edebilmek i\u00e7in yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin a\u00e7\u0131klanan nitelikte bir yaz\u0131l\u0131 delil bulunmasa da, yanlar aras\u0131ndaki uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kan\u0131tlamaya yeterli say\u0131lmamakla beraber bunun vukuuna delalet edecek kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131n elinden \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f (inan\u0131lan taraf\u0131ndan el ile yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f fakat imzalanmam\u0131\u015f olan bir senet veya mektup, daktilo veya bilgisayarla yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmakla birlikte inan\u0131lan\u0131n paraf\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan belge, usul\u00fcne uygun onanmam\u0131\u015f parmak izli veya m\u00fch\u00fcrl\u00fc senetler gibi) yaz\u0131l\u0131 delil ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 niteli\u011finde bir belgenin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 aran\u0131r. Yaz\u0131l\u0131 delil ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 niteli\u011finde belge varsa HUMK’nun 292.maddesi uyar\u0131nca inan\u00e7 s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi “tan\u0131k” dahil her t\u00fcrl\u00fc delille ispat edilebilir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu genel a\u00e7\u0131klamalardan sonra somut olaya gelince; <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130mza ve i\u00e7eri\u011fi konusunda taraflar aras\u0131nda uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k bulunmayan 9.2.1993 tarihli belge inan\u00e7 s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmeye yeterlidir. Bu belgenin aktin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 13.4.1992 tarihinden sonra d\u00fczenlenmesinin bir \u00f6nemi yoktur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc 5.2.1947 tarihli ve 20\/6 say\u0131l\u0131 Yarg\u0131tay \u0130\u00e7tihad\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme Karar\u0131nda b\u00f6yle bir k\u0131s\u0131tlama bulunmamaktad\u0131r.Yarg\u0131tay \u0130\u00e7tihad\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme Karar\u0131n\u0131n yorum yolu ile geni\u015fletilerek bir taraf aleyhine durum yarat\u0131lmas\u0131 da \u0130\u00e7tihad\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme Karar\u0131 ile ama\u00e7lanan sonuca uygun d\u00fc\u015fmez. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Mahkemece mevcut deliller do\u011frultusunda \u00e7eki\u015fmenin esas\u0131 incelenerek bir h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmas\u0131 gerekirken yaz\u0131l\u0131 gerek\u00e7e ile davan\u0131n reddi do\u011fru g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f, bu sebeple karar\u0131n bozulmas\u0131 gerekmi\u015ftir\u2026 gerek\u00e7esiyle bozularak dosya yerine geri \u00e7evrilmekle, yeniden yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama sonunda, mahkemece \u00f6nceki kararda direnilmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n\n\n\nKonu<\/strong><\/th> \u0130nan\u00e7l\u0131 \u0130\u015flem<\/strong><\/th> Muvazaa<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead> Ger\u00e7ek \u0130rade ve G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr \u0130\u015flem<\/strong><\/td> Ger\u00e7ek irade ile g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr i\u015flem \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr; devir ciddidir.<\/td> Ger\u00e7ek irade ile g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr i\u015flem uyu\u015fmaz; yan\u0131ltma kast\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/td><\/tr> Hukuki Ge\u00e7erlilik<\/strong><\/td> Ge\u00e7erlidir; taraflar aras\u0131nda bor\u00e7 do\u011furur (TBK md. 26).<\/td> H\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fczd\u00fcr (bat\u0131l veya yok h\u00fckm\u00fcnde); TBK md. 19 uyar\u0131nca ger\u00e7ek irade esas al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/td><\/tr> Ama\u00e7<\/strong><\/td> G\u00fcven ve iade; teminat veya idare.<\/td> \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fileri aldatma; gizleme.<\/td><\/tr> \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Ki\u015filere Etkisi<\/strong><\/td> \u0130yiniyetli \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filer TMK md. 1023 korumas\u0131 alt\u0131ndad\u0131r; k\u00f6t\u00fc niyetli olanlar korunmaz.<\/td> G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr i\u015flem herkese kar\u015f\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz; alacakl\u0131lar veya miras\u00e7\u0131lar iptal talep edebilir.<\/td><\/tr> \u0130spat<\/strong><\/td> Yaz\u0131l\u0131 delil veya delil ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 (HMK md. 202); tan\u0131k dahil her t\u00fcrl\u00fc delil m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/td> Genel ispat kurallar\u0131; yaz\u0131l\u0131 delil veya ikrar\/yemin s\u0131k\u00e7a aran\u0131r.<\/td><\/tr> Hukuki Sonu\u00e7 ve Dava<\/strong><\/td> \u0130ade davas\u0131 (tapu iptali ve tescil); zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 10 y\u0131l (TBK md. 125).<\/td> Tasarrufun iptali veya h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fck tespiti; re\u2019sen dikkate al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/td><\/tr> \u00d6rnek<\/strong><\/td> Borca teminat i\u00e7in ta\u015f\u0131nmaz devri; bor\u00e7 \u00f6denince iade.<\/td> Bor\u00e7tan kurtulmak i\u00e7in sat\u0131\u015f g\u00f6sterip gizli anla\u015fma ile mal\u0131 geri alma.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n 4. Hukuki Sonu\u00e7lar, \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Ki\u015filere Etkileri ve \u0130spat S\u00fcreci<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u0130nan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015flemde<\/strong> Hukuki Sonu\u00e7lar, \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Ki\u015filere Etkileri ve \u0130spat S\u00fcreci<\/h5>\n\n\n\n
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Muvazaada<\/strong> Hukuki Sonu\u00e7lar, \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Ki\u015filere Etkileri ve \u0130spat S\u00fcreci<\/h5>\n\n\n\n
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5. \u0130nan\u00e7l\u0131 \u0130\u015flem ve Muvazaa Aras\u0131ndaki Farka \u0130li\u015fkin Yarg\u0131tay Kararlar\u0131\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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Yarg\u0131tay 1. Hukuk Dairesi 2007\/9485 E. 2007\/11149 K. 21.11.2007 KT.\u00a0<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\u00a0Yarg\u0131tay 14. Hukuk Dairesi\u00a02009\/4139 E. 2009\/6415 K. 26.05.2009 KT.\u00a0<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n