6NOVA Avukatl\u0131k B\u00fcrosu olarak, m\u00fcvekkillerimizin s\u0131kl\u0131kla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 inan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015flem uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 titizlikle ele almaktay\u0131z. Bu makalemizde, inan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015flemin hukuki niteli\u011fini, unsurlar\u0131n\u0131, ispat\u0131n\u0131 ve g\u00fcncel Yarg\u0131tay i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131n\u0131 2026 itibar\u0131yla derinlemesine inceleyece\u011fiz. Konu, \u00f6zellikle ta\u015f\u0131nmaz m\u00fclkiyeti, teminat i\u015flemleri ve aile i\u00e7i g\u00fcven ili\u015fkilerinde s\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00fcndeme gelmekte olup, do\u011fru hukuki strateji ile hak kay\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130nan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015flem, taraflar aras\u0131nda g\u00fcvene dayal\u0131 olarak kurulan ve belirli bir amac\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi veya s\u00fcrenin dolmas\u0131 halinde inan\u0131lan\u0131n, devrald\u0131\u011f\u0131 mal veya hakk\u0131 inanana (veya g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fiye) iade etme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7eren hukuki bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmedir. Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n yerle\u015fik i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131nda inan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015flem, \u201cinanan\u0131n teminat olu\u015fturmak veya y\u00f6netilmek \u00fczere mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kapsam\u0131ndaki bir \u015fey veya hakk\u0131n\u0131 inan\u0131lana devretmesi ve inan\u0131lan\u0131n da inan\u00e7 anla\u015fmas\u0131ndaki ko\u015fullara uygun olarak inan\u00e7 konusu \u015feyi kullanmas\u0131, ama\u00e7 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011finde ise belirlenen \u015fekilde inanana iade etmesi\u201d \u015feklinde tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu i\u015flem, iki temel unsurdan olu\u015fur:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130nan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015flem, Roma Hukuku\u2019ndaki fiducia<\/em> kurumundan esinlenmekte olup T\u00fcrk hukukunda 6098 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu\u2019nun 26. maddesindeki s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ilkesi ve Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n 05.02.1947 tarihli ve 20\/6 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u00e7tihad\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme Karar\u0131 ile kabul g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. 2026 itibar\u0131yla herhangi bir yasal de\u011fi\u015fiklik s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildir; kavram, i\u00e7tihat hukukuyla \u015fekillenmeye devam etmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Hukukumuzda inan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015flemi do\u011frudan d\u00fczenleyen bir kanun h\u00fckm\u00fc bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Dayana\u011f\u0131, T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu\u2019nun s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na alan h\u00fck\u00fcmleridir. Taraflar, inan\u00e7 s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde iade \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131, s\u00fcrenin dolmas\u0131n\u0131 veya amac\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirleyebilirler. Unsurlar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Saf inan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015flemler (yaln\u0131zca y\u00f6netim ama\u00e7l\u0131) ile karma inan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015flemler (teminat ama\u00e7l\u0131) birbirinden ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Uygulamada en s\u0131k rastlanan t\u00fcr, teminat amac\u0131yla yap\u0131lan karma i\u015flemlerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130nan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015flemler genellikle \u015fu ama\u00e7larla tercih edilir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00d6rnek: Bor\u00e7lu B, haciz riski nedeniyle arac\u0131n\u0131 karde\u015fi A\u2019ya devreder ve bor\u00e7 \u00f6dendi\u011finde iade edilece\u011fi konusunda g\u00fcvene dayal\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131r. Ama\u00e7 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmezse A, tapu iptali ve tescil davas\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kal\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n E\u015fler aras\u0131nda inan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015flem, evlilik birli\u011fi i\u00e7inde malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda s\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u00d6rne\u011fin, kooperatif konut al\u0131m\u0131nda aidatlar\u0131 bir e\u015f \u00f6derken tapunun her ikisi ad\u0131na tescili i\u00e7in inan\u00e7 s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi yap\u0131labilir. Bo\u015fanma s\u00fcrecinde veya mal ka\u00e7\u0131rma iddialar\u0131nda bu i\u015flemler dava konusu olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Yarg\u0131tay, e\u015fler aras\u0131 i\u015flemlerde g\u00fcven ili\u015fkisinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmekle birlikte ispat\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131 delile veya delil ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131na ba\u011flar. 6100 say\u0131l\u0131 Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu\u2019nun 203\/1-a maddesi kapsam\u0131nda yak\u0131n akraba ili\u015fkilerinde tan\u0131k delili istisnas\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 olsa da, inan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015flemlerde 1947 \u0130\u00e7tihad\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme Karar\u0131 \u00f6nceliklidir. Pratikte banka dekontlar\u0131, yaz\u0131\u015fmalar veya vekaletnameler delil ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130nan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015flem ile muvaazal\u0131 i\u015flem s\u0131k\u00e7a kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r; ancak aralar\u0131nda temel farklar vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Yarg\u0131tay, inan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015flemde taraflar\u0131n ger\u00e7ek iradesinin devir + iade oldu\u011funu vurgular. Muvaaza iddias\u0131nda her t\u00fcrl\u00fc delil serbestken, inan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015flemde yaz\u0131l\u0131 delil esast\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130spat, uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n en kritik unsurudur. 1947 tarihli \u0130\u00e7tihad\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme Karar\u0131 uyar\u0131nca inan\u00e7 s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi yaz\u0131l\u0131 delille kan\u0131tlanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu belge, taraflar\u0131n imzas\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mal\u0131 ve inan\u00e7 ili\u015fkisini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6stermelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2026 itibar\u0131yla Yarg\u0131tay, dijital delilleri (WhatsApp mesajlar\u0131) delil ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 olarak kabul etmekte, ancak somut olaya g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirmektedir. Tek tarafl\u0131 beyanlar veya tan\u0131k delili yaln\u0131z ba\u015f\u0131na yeterli de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130nan\u0131lan iade y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yerine getirmezse inanan, tapu iptali ve tescil davas\u0131 a\u00e7abilir. Dava, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n bulundu\u011fu yer asliye hukuk mahkemesinde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Davac\u0131, inan\u00e7 s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini ispat etmek ve fera\u011f umudunu yitirdi\u011fini g\u00f6stermek zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filere devir durumunda TMK md. 1023 (tapu siciline g\u00fcven ilkesi) uygulan\u0131r; iyiniyetli \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filer korunur. \u0130yiniyetsizlik her t\u00fcrl\u00fc delille ispatlanabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130nan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015flemlerde \u00f6zel zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcresi bulunmamaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu md. 146 gere\u011fi 10 y\u0131ll\u0131k genel zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 uygulan\u0131r. S\u00fcre, alaca\u011f\u0131n muaccel oldu\u011fu tarihten (fera\u011f umudunun yitirildi\u011fi andan) i\u015flemeye ba\u015flar. Dava a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 bu umudu yitirdi\u011finizi g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130nanan, inan\u0131lan\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filere devri halinde iyiniyetsizli\u011fi ispat ederek tapu iptali talep edebilir. \u0130yiniyetli \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filer korunur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Yarg\u0131tay, 1947 \u0130\u00e7tihad\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme Karar\u0131\u2019n\u0131 temel almaya devam etmektedir. \u00d6nemli kararlar:<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2023-2025 d\u00f6nemindeki kararlar (\u00f6rne\u011fin Yarg\u0131tay 7. HD 2023\/3298 E., 2023\/4583 K.) ayn\u0131 ilkeleri teyit etmekte, dijital delillerin delil ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 niteli\u011fini vurgulamaktad\u0131r. Yeni bir i\u00e7tihad\u0131 birle\u015ftirme karar\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00a0<\/strong>Taraflar aras\u0131ndaki \u201ctapu iptali ve tescil\u201d davas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama sonunda; Mu\u011fla Asliye 2.Hukuk Mahkemesince davan\u0131n kabul\u00fcne dair verilen 23.09.2003 g\u00fcn ve 2001\/646 E.2003\/815 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131n incelenmesi daval\u0131 vekili taraf\u0131ndan istenilmesi \u00fczerine, Yarg\u0131tay 14.Hukuk Dairesinin 08.04.2004 g\u00fcn ve 2004\/989-2835 say\u0131l\u0131 ilam\u0131 ile;\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00a0<\/strong>(…Dava, inan\u00e7 s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine dayal\u0131 tapu iptali ve tescil iste\u011fine ili\u015fkindir.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n 05.02.1947 tarih 20\/6 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u00e7tihad\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme Karar\u0131nda belirtildi\u011fi gibi; inan\u00e7 s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, inan\u00e7 g\u00f6sterilene bir hakk\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131nda davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131, inan\u00e7 g\u00f6sterenin tespit etti\u011fi amaca uydurmak borcunu y\u00fckler. Di\u011fer bir anlat\u0131mla, inan\u00e7 g\u00f6sterilen ki\u015fi, inan\u00e7 g\u00f6steren nam\u0131na yap\u0131lacak bir i\u015flemden sonra, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n m\u00fclkiyetini ona yani inan\u00e7 g\u00f6sterene ge\u00e7irme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc alt\u0131na girmi\u015ftir. Bu y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn yerine getirilmemesi halinde, bunun dava yoluyla h\u00fckmen yerine getirilmesi istenebilir.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130nan\u00e7 s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri an\u0131lan \u0130\u00e7tihad\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme Karar\u0131 uyar\u0131nca; <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Yaz\u0131l\u0131 delil ile kan\u0131tlanabilir. Bu yaz\u0131l\u0131 delil, olay\u0131n kan\u0131tlanmas\u0131na tek ba\u015f\u0131na yeterli olmal\u0131 ve kendisine inan\u00e7 g\u00f6sterenin imzas\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mal\u0131d\u0131r. B\u00f6yle bir yaz\u0131l\u0131 belgenin bulunmamas\u0131 halinde ise en az\u0131ndan olay\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131n ispat\u0131na yeterli olmamakla birlikte bunun vuukuna delalet edebilecek ve kar\u015f\u0131 taraf elinden \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f delil ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 niteli\u011finde bir belgenin s\u00f6z konusu olmas\u0131 halinde de inan\u00e7 s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin tan\u0131k dahil her t\u00fcrl\u00fc delil ile kan\u0131tlanmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilir.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Bunlardan hi\u00e7birinin olmamas\u0131 durumunda dava redde mahk\u00fcm ise de, e\u011fer davac\u0131 taraf delilleri aras\u0131nda yemine de dayanm\u0131\u015fsa, mahkemece daval\u0131ya yemin teklifine hakk\u0131 oldu\u011fu hat\u0131rlat\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu ilkeler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda somut olaya bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda; <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Davac\u0131 taraf yukar\u0131da belirtilen \u0130\u00e7tihad\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme Karar\u0131nda belirtilen yaz\u0131l\u0131 delil veya davan\u0131n tamamen ispat\u0131na kafi olmamakla beraber vukuuna delalet edebilecek kar\u015f\u0131 taraf elinden \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f bir belgeyi dosyaya ibraz edememi\u015f ve iddias\u0131n\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131 delil veya yaz\u0131l\u0131 delil ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 ile kan\u0131tlayamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu durumda, davac\u0131 delil listesinde sair delillere de dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirdi\u011finden mahkemece davac\u0131 tarafa daval\u0131ya yemin teklif etme hakk\u0131 hat\u0131rlat\u0131larak sonucuna g\u00f6re karar verilmesi gerekir iken yaz\u0131l\u0131 gerek\u00e7elerle kabul karar\u0131 verilmesi do\u011fru g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir…)\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Gerek\u00e7esiyle bozularak dosya yerine geri \u00e7evrilmekle, yeniden yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama sonunda, mahkemece \u00f6nceki kararda direnilmi\u015ftir.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Hukuk Genel Kurulu Karar\u0131 <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Hukuk Genel Kurulunca incelenerek direnme karar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcresinde temyiz edildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131ktan ve dosyadaki ka\u011f\u0131tlar okunduktan sonra gere\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcld\u00fc:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Taraflar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 iddia ve savunmalar\u0131na, dosyadaki tutanak ve kan\u0131tlara, bozma karar\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131klanan gerektirici nedenlere g\u00f6re, Hukuk Genel Kurulu\u2019nca da benimsenen \u00d6zel Daire bozma karar\u0131na uyulmak gerekirken, \u00f6nceki kararda direnilmesi usul ve yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. Bu nedenle direnme karar\u0131 bozulmal\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Daval\u0131 vekilinin temyiz itirazlar\u0131n\u0131n kabul\u00fc ile, direnme karar\u0131n\u0131n \u00d6zel Daire bozma karar\u0131nda g\u00f6sterilen nedenlerden dolay\u0131 H.U.M.K.nun 429.maddesi gere\u011fince\u00a0BOZULMASINA, istek halinde temyiz pe\u015fin harc\u0131n\u0131n geri verilmesine, 29.06.2005 g\u00fcn\u00fcnde bozmada oybirli\u011fi sebebinde oy\u00e7oklu\u011fu ile karar verildi.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Kar\u015f\u0131 Oy Yaz\u0131s\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130nan\u00e7 s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine dayal\u0131 olarak a\u00e7\u0131lan davada yerel mahkemece, inan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015flemin yaz\u0131l\u0131 belgesinin bulunmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen di\u011fer deliller ve tan\u0131k beyanlar\u0131na g\u00f6re davan\u0131n kabul\u00fcne karar verilmi\u015f, daval\u0131n\u0131n temyizi \u00fczerine Y\u00fcksek 14. Hukuk Dairesi davac\u0131n\u0131n yaz\u0131l\u0131 delil ibraz edemedi\u011fi gibi yaz\u0131l\u0131 delil ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n da bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131,bu durumda davac\u0131 delil listesinde ( sairdeliller) e dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan mahkemece davac\u0131 tarafa yemin teklif etme hakk\u0131n\u0131n hat\u0131rlat\u0131lmas\u0131 ve sonucuna g\u00f6re karar verilmesi gerek\u00e7esi ile bozulmu\u015f,yerel mahkeme toplanan delillere g\u00f6re davan\u0131n ispatland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirterek eski karar\u0131nda direnmi\u015ftir.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Burada hukuki olarak \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmesi gereken konu \u00f6ncelikle inan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015flemin yaz\u0131l\u0131 belge d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki delillerle ispat\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ikincisi de b\u00f6yle bir belge yoksa yemin teklif edilip edilemeyece\u011fidir.Bilindi\u011fi gibi yasalarda inan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015flemle ilgili bir h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmamaktad\u0131r,uygulaman\u0131n getirdi\u011fi gereksinimler nedeni ile bu yola gidilmi\u015f ve baz\u0131 ko\u015fullarla inan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015flemin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilmi\u015ftir.Bunun sonucu olarak da 5.2.1947 g\u00fcn ve 20\/6 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130nan\u00e7lar\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme Karar\u0131na g\u00f6re inan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015flemin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir belge ile ispat edilmesi \u015fart\u0131 getirilmi\u015ftir.Daha sonraki uygulamalarda \u0130nan\u00e7lar\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme Karar\u0131nda bulunmamakla birlikte inan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015flemin yaz\u0131l\u0131 belgesinin inan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015flemden \u00f6nce,en ge\u00e7 i\u015flem tarihinde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131 aranm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, Yarg\u0131tay Y\u00fcksek 1. Hukuk ve Y\u00fcksek 14. Hukuk Dairelerinin m\u00fcstakar i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131 bu do\u011frultuda oldu\u011fu gibi Hukuk Genel kurulu da ayn\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc benimsemi\u015ftir( \u00d6rnek : Y.H.G.K. nun 5.11.2003 g\u00fcn ve 2003\/1-647 E. 2003 \/638 K. Say\u0131l\u0131 ilam\u0131 ) .Bu s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n amac\u0131 asl\u0131nda ge\u00e7ersiz olan inan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015flemlerin uygulama alanlar\u0131n\u0131n fazla geni\u015fletilmemesidir.Bu nedenle ispat vas\u0131tas\u0131 olan i\u015flemden \u00f6nce d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f yaz\u0131l\u0131 belge bir anlamda ge\u00e7erlik ko\u015fuluna yakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir belge niteli\u011fine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Sonu\u00e7 olarak inan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015flemin i\u015flemden \u00f6nce ,en ge\u00e7 i\u015flem tarihinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f belge ile ispat edilmesi gerekti\u011finden Y\u00fcksek 14.Hukuk Dairesinin bu y\u00f6ne ili\u015fkin bozma gerek\u00e7esine kat\u0131l\u0131yoruz,ancak a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenler ile inan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015flemde yemin teklif edilmesi gerekti\u011fi yolundaki Daire ve Hukuk Genel Kurulu Karar\u0131na kat\u0131lam\u0131yoruz :Bilindi\u011fi gibi Hukuk Usul\u00fc Muhakemeleri Yasas\u0131na g\u00f6re senet yani i\u00e7eri\u011fi ve imzas\u0131 taraflarca kabul edilen yaz\u0131l\u0131 belge,ikrar ve yemin kesin delillerdendir, ancak bu kesin delillerin inan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015flemde inan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015flemin yaz\u0131l\u0131 belgesinin i\u015flemden \u00f6nce,en ge\u00e7 i\u015flem tarihinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi yolundaki i\u00e7tihatlar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda uygulama olana\u011f\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r.Daval\u0131n\u0131n i\u015flemden sonra d\u00fczenlenen yaz\u0131l\u0131 belgede i\u015flemin inan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015flem oldu\u011funu kabul etmesi ba\u015fka olaylarda kesin delil oldu\u011fu halde bu olayda delil olarak kabul edilmeyecektir,\u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc i\u015flemden sonra d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.Yaz\u0131l\u0131 belgenin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda daval\u0131 gelip mahkemede dava konusu i\u015flemin inan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015flem oldu\u011funu ancak yaz\u0131l\u0131 belge d\u00fczenlenmedi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtse bile bu ikrar yine inan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015flemin delili olamayacakt\u0131r.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Bilindi\u011fi gibi yemin bir taraftan sad\u0131r olan hukuki fiillerle ilgili olarak mahkemece tarafa verilmektedir,ancak yukar\u0131da da a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi i\u015flemden sonra d\u00fczenlenen yaz\u0131l\u0131 belge ve ikrar delil olarak kabul edilmez iken ayn\u0131 hususlar\u0131n yeminli olarak belirtilmesine hukuki sonu\u00e7 ba\u011flamak ve inan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015flemin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na delil kabul etmek \u00e7eli\u015fkidir.Daha a\u00e7\u0131k bir anlat\u0131mla inan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015flemden sonra d\u00fczenlenen belge ve yine i\u015flemden sonraki ikrar kesin delil olmalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n bu olayda delil olarak kabul edilmez iken yeminin delil olarak kabul\u00fcn\u00fcn ge\u00e7erli bir dayana\u011f\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan s\u00f6z edilemez.\u0130\u015flemden \u00f6nce d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f yaz\u0131l\u0131 belge d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda inan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015flemlere dayal\u0131 davalarda davay\u0131 sonu\u00e7land\u0131ran tek durum davan\u0131n kabul\u00fcd\u00fcr,ancak bilindi\u011fi gibi davan\u0131n kabul\u00fc ile maddi olay\u0131n kabul\u00fc ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 \u015feylerdir,bu nedenle davay\u0131 kabul davay\u0131 sonu\u00e7land\u0131rmakla birlikte maddi olay\u0131 kabul nizay\u0131 kesin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme g\u00f6t\u00fcrmemektedir.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Sonu\u00e7 olarak inan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015flemlerin \u00f6zelli\u011fi gere\u011fi ba\u015fka davalarda kesin delil niteli\u011finde olan ikrar,ve i\u015flemden sonra d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f olsa bile yaz\u0131l\u0131 belgenin delil olarak kabul\u00fc m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi ayn\u0131 bi\u00e7imde yemin delilinin de kabul\u00fc m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.Bu nedenle ispat edilemeyen davan\u0131n yemin deliline ba\u015fvurmadan reddine karar verilmesi gerekti\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesindeyiz.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Davac\u0131 vekili taraf\u0131ndan, daval\u0131lar aleyhine 18.12.2014 g\u00fcn\u00fcnde verilen dilek\u00e7e ile inan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015fleme dayal\u0131 tapu iptali ve tescil talebi \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan duru\u015fma sonunda; davan\u0131n reddine dair verilen 08.07.2015 g\u00fcnl\u00fc h\u00fckm\u00fcn Yarg\u0131tayca incelenmesi davac\u0131 vekili taraf\u0131ndan istenilmekle s\u00fcresinde oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lan temyiz dilek\u00e7esinin kabul\u00fcne karar verildikten sonra dosya ve i\u00e7erisindeki b\u00fct\u00fcn ka\u011f\u0131tlar incelenerek gere\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc: <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Karar <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/strong>Dava, inan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015fleme dayal\u0131 tapu iptali ve tescil istemine ili\u015fkindir. <\/strong>Davac\u0131 vekili, m\u00fcvekkilinin murisi\/babas\u0131 ….’\u0131n, maliki oldu\u011fu 280 ada 24 parsel say\u0131l\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131 (14.04.1997 tarihli ifraz i\u015flemiyle 280 ada 46 ve 48 parsel say\u0131l\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131) ileride m\u00fcvekkiline ve dava d\u0131\u015f\u0131 karde\u015fi …’a verilmesi amac\u0131yla muvazaal\u0131 olarak daval\u0131lar\u0131n murisi ….e devretti\u011fini, m\u00fcvekkilinin karde\u015fi ….’\u0131n pay\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen 1\/2 hisseyi devralm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen zilyet oldu\u011fu halde m\u00fcvekkilinin pay\u0131n\u0131n halen devredilmedi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrerek dava konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n daval\u0131lar ad\u0131na kay\u0131tl\u0131 1\/2 pay\u0131n\u0131n iptali ile m\u00fcvekkili ad\u0131na tescilini talep etmi\u015ftir. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Daval\u0131lar vekili, davac\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen iddian\u0131n yaz\u0131l\u0131 belge ile ispatlanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini belirterek davan\u0131n reddini savunmu\u015ftur. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Mahkemece, davac\u0131 taraf\u00e7a inan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015flemi kan\u0131tlayacak nitelikte bir yaz\u0131l\u0131 belge ya da yaz\u0131l\u0131 delil ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 sunulamad\u0131\u011f\u0131, dava dilek\u00e7esinde a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a yemin deliline de dayan\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle ispatlanamayan davan\u0131n usulden reddine karar verilmi\u015ftir. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/strong>H\u00fckm\u00fc, davac\u0131 vekili temyiz etmi\u015ftir. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/strong>1- Yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lamaya, toplanan delillere ve t\u00fcm dosya i\u00e7eri\u011fine g\u00f6re davac\u0131 vekilinin a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki bendin kapsam\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan temyiz itirazlar\u0131 yerinde g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f ve reddi gerekmi\u015ftir. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/strong>2- \u0130nan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015flemler, inanan\u0131n teminat olu\u015fturmak veya y\u00f6netilmek \u00fczere mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kapsam\u0131ndaki bir \u015fey veya hakk\u0131n\u0131, inan\u0131lana devretmesi ve inan\u0131lan\u0131n da inan\u00e7 anla\u015fmas\u0131ndaki ko\u015fullara uygun olarak inan\u00e7 konusu \u015feyi kullanmas\u0131n\u0131, ama\u00e7 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011finde ise belirlenen \u015fekilde inanana iade etmesini i\u00e7eren i\u015flemlerdir. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130nan\u00e7l\u0131 bir i\u015flem ile inanan, sahibi oldu\u011fu bir m\u00fclkiyet veya alacak hakk\u0131n\u0131 inan\u0131lana kazand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bir i\u015flemle devretmekte ancak bor\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme ile de onu baz\u0131 y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckler alt\u0131na sokmaktad\u0131r. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130nan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015flemin taraflar\u0131n\u0131, inanan ve inan\u0131lan olu\u015fturur. Bir hakk\u0131 ya da nesneyi, g\u00fcvendi\u011fi bir ki\u015fiye inan\u00e7l\u0131 olarak devreden kimseye \u201cinanan\u201d ad\u0131 verilir. Devredilen hak veya nesneyi, kendisine ait bir hak olarak kendi yarar\u0131na, do\u011frudan do\u011fruya ve dolayl\u0131 olarak kullanan ki\u015fiye de \u201cinan\u0131lan\u201d denir. \u0130nanan\u0131n, inan\u0131lana inan\u00e7l\u0131 olarak kazand\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 hak ya da nesne ise \u201cinan\u00e7 konusu \u015fey\u201d olarak nitelenir. \u0130nan\u00e7l\u0131 bir i\u015flemde, kazand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 i\u015flemin taraflar\u0131 ile bor\u00e7 do\u011furan anla\u015fman\u0131n taraflar\u0131 ayn\u0131d\u0131r. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130nan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015flemde inan\u0131lan, hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131rken kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan ko\u015fullara uymay\u0131, ama\u00e7 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fince veya s\u00fcre dolunca hak veya nesneyi tekrar inanana (veya onun g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fiye) devretmeyi y\u00fcklenmektedir. \u0130nan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015flem, kazand\u0131rmay\u0131 yapan ki\u015fiye yani inanana belirli \u015fartlar ger\u00e7ekle\u015fince, kazand\u0131rman\u0131n iadesini isteme hakk\u0131 sa\u011flayan bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmedir. Bu y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn yerine getirilmemesi halinde bunun dava yoluyla h\u00fckmen yerine getirilmesi istenebilir. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130nan\u00e7 s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, 05.02.1947 tarihli ve 20\/6 say\u0131l\u0131 Yarg\u0131tay \u0130\u00e7tihad\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme Karar\u0131 uyar\u0131nca ancak, yaz\u0131l\u0131 delille kan\u0131tlanabilir. Bu yaz\u0131l\u0131 delil, taraflar\u0131n getirecekleri ve onlar\u0131n imzalar\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan bir belge olmal\u0131d\u0131r. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n A\u00e7\u0131klanan nitelikte bir yaz\u0131l\u0131 delil bulunmasa da, taraflar aras\u0131ndaki uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kan\u0131tlamaya yeterli say\u0131lmamakla beraber bunun vukuuna delalet edecek kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131n elinden \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f (inan\u0131lan taraf\u0131ndan el ile yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f fakat imzalanmam\u0131\u015f olan bir senet veya mektup, daktilo veya bilgisayarla yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmakla birlikte inan\u0131lan\u0131n paraf\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan belge, usul\u00fcne uygun onanmam\u0131\u015f parmak izli veya m\u00fch\u00fcrl\u00fc senetler gibi) \u201cdelil ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131\u201d niteli\u011finde bir belge varsa 6100 say\u0131l\u0131 HMK\u2019n\u0131n 202.maddesi uyar\u0131nca inan\u00e7 s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi \u201ctan\u0131k\u201d dahil her t\u00fcrl\u00fc delille ispat edilebilir. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Yaz\u0131l\u0131 delil veya \u201cdelil ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131\u201d yoksa inan\u00e7 s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin ikrar (HMK m.188) yemin (HMK m.225 vd) gibi kesin delillerle de ispat edilmesi olanakl\u0131d\u0131r. Davac\u0131n\u0131n yemin deliline dayanmas\u0131 halinde hakimin davac\u0131ya bu hakk\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlatmas\u0131 gerekir. (Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulunun 09.12.2015 tarihli, 2014\/14-516 E. 2015\/2838 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 da bu do\u011frultudad\u0131r.) <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Yukar\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klanan ilkeler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda somut olaya gelince; davac\u0131, babas\u0131 …’\u0131n maliki oldu\u011fu dava konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131 ileride kendisine ve karde\u015fine devredilmesi amac\u0131yla daval\u0131lar\u0131n murisi….’e devretti\u011fini, daval\u0131lar\u0131n ise bu hususu bilmelerine ra\u011fmen tapuyu devretmeye yana\u015fmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrerek inan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015fleme dayal\u0131 tapu iptali ve tescil isteminde bulunmu\u015f; ancak inan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015flemin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlayacak nitelikte bir yaz\u0131l\u0131 belge ya da yaz\u0131l\u0131 delil ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 ibraz edemedi\u011fi gibi 18.12.2014 tarihli dava dilek\u00e7esinde a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a yemin deliline de dayanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan inan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015flem iddias\u0131n\u0131 ispatlayamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu durumda mahkemece, ispatlanamayan davan\u0131n esastan reddine karar verilmesi gerekirken usulden reddine karar verilmesi do\u011fru g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f ve h\u00fckm\u00fcn bu nedenle bozulmas\u0131 gerekmi\u015f ise de davan\u0131n reddi sonucu itibariyle do\u011fru oldu\u011fundan HUMK\u2019nun 438\/son maddesi gere\u011fince h\u00fckm\u00fcn gerek\u00e7esinin ve h\u00fck\u00fcm sonucunun d\u00fczeltilerek onanmas\u0131na karar vermek gerekmi\u015ftir. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Yukar\u0131da (1) no’lu bentte a\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle davac\u0131 vekilinin sair temyiz itirazlar\u0131n\u0131n reddine, (2) no’lu bentte a\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle temyiz olunan h\u00fckm\u00fcn gerek\u00e7esinin ve h\u00fck\u00fcm sonucunun D\u00dcZELT\u0130LM\u0130\u015e bu \u015fekli ile ONANMASINA, pe\u015fin yat\u0131r\u0131lan harc\u0131n istek halinde yat\u0131rana iadesine, karar\u0131n tebli\u011finden itibaren 15 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde karar d\u00fczeltme yolu a\u00e7\u0131k olmak \u00fczere, 17.10.2018 g\u00fcn\u00fcnde oybirli\u011fi ile karar verildi.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n … ile … aralar\u0131ndaki tapu iptali ve tescil davas\u0131n\u0131n reddine dair \u0130stanbul Anadolu 21. Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesi’nden verilen 19.11.2013 g\u00fcn ve 87\/437 say\u0131l\u0131 h\u00fckm\u00fcn duru\u015fma yap\u0131lmas\u0131 suretiyle Yarg\u0131tay’ca incelenmesi davac\u0131 vekili taraf\u0131ndan istenilmi\u015ftir. Dosya incelenerek i\u015fin duru\u015fmaya tabi oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve duru\u015fma i\u00e7in 14.10.2014 Sal\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fc tayin edilerek taraflara \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131 g\u00f6nderilmi\u015fti. Duru\u015fma g\u00fcn\u00fc temyiz eden davac\u0131 vekili Avukat … ve kar\u015f\u0131 taraftan daval\u0131 vekili Avukat … geldiler. Duru\u015fmaya ba\u015flanarak temyiz iste\u011finin s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131ktan ve haz\u0131r bulunanlar\u0131n s\u00f6zl\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 dinlendikten sonra duru\u015fmaya son verilerek; dosya incelendi, gere\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Karar <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Davac\u0131 … vekili, taraflar\u0131n 1999 y\u0131l\u0131nda evlendiklerini, daval\u0131n\u0131n evlilik birli\u011fi s\u00fcrecinde sadakate ayk\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131\u015flarda bulunmas\u0131, e\u015fini ba\u015fka kad\u0131nlarla aleni hatta aile konutuna da getirmek suretiyle aldatmas\u0131 nedeniyle bo\u015fanma tazminat\u0131 olarak m\u00fcvekkiline 621 ada 270 parselde kay\u0131tl\u0131 1 numaral\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc sat\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, banka kredisi kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 nedeniyle ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n daval\u0131 ad\u0131na tescil edildi\u011fini, vekil edeninin bedelsiz olarak bu ta\u015f\u0131nmazda oturdu\u011funu, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n ertesi g\u00fcn\u00fc 21.04.2005 tarihinde taraflar\u0131n mahkemede bo\u015fand\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, kredi bor\u00e7lar\u0131 bitti\u011finde kendisine ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n devredilece\u011fi inanc\u0131 ile davac\u0131n\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n daval\u0131 ad\u0131na tescilini kabul etti\u011fini, ta\u015f\u0131nmaza ait kredi bor\u00e7lar\u0131 bitti\u011fi halde aralar\u0131ndaki inan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015fleme ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak ve vek\u00e2let g\u00f6revini k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanarak daval\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6z konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131 m\u00fcvekkiline devretmedi\u011fini, inan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015flemin ispat\u0131 i\u00e7in yaz\u0131l\u0131 belge gerekli ise de e\u015fler aras\u0131nda anla\u015fma yap\u0131lmas\u0131 hayat\u0131n ola\u011fan ak\u0131\u015f\u0131na uygun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan tan\u0131k deliline dayan\u0131labilece\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klayarak tapu kayd\u0131n\u0131n iptali ile vekil edeni ad\u0131na tapuya tesciline karar verilmesini istemi\u015f, 15.12.2009 tarihli \u0131slah dilek\u00e7esi ile \u00f6ncelikle tan\u0131k dinlenemeyece\u011fine ili\u015fkin ara karar\u0131ndan d\u00f6n\u00fclmesini aksi halde tapu iptali ve tescil talepleri baki kalmak \u00fczere ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n ger\u00e7ek de\u011ferinin tespit edilip inan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015flem yerine getirilmedi\u011finden beklenen menfaatleri zarara u\u011frat\u0131lan davac\u0131 lehine BK\u2019n\u0131n 96.maddesine g\u00f6re bu bedel tutar\u0131nda tazminata h\u00fckmedilmesini, tazminat y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de tan\u0131k dinlenmesini talep etmi\u015ftir. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Daval\u0131 … vekili, m\u00fcvekkilinin eski e\u015fini aldatt\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair beyanlar\u0131n konu ile ilgili olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu husustaki hukuki ve cezai haklar\u0131n\u0131 sakl\u0131 tuttuklar\u0131n\u0131, daireyi daval\u0131n\u0131n davac\u0131ya devredece\u011fi iddias\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ek olmay\u0131p kira \u00f6demeden davac\u0131n\u0131n oturmas\u0131na izin veren daval\u0131n\u0131n iyiniyetinin istismar edildi\u011fini, daval\u0131n\u0131n iyiniyeti sebebiyle Kartal\u2019daki dairenin yar\u0131 pay\u0131n\u0131 davac\u0131 \u00fczerine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, araba, motosiklet ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, dava konusu dairenin t\u00fcm kredi borcunu daval\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6dedi\u011fini, b\u00f6yle bir bo\u015fanma tazminat\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, inan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015fleme dayan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ise de ortada iki taraf\u0131n haklar\u0131ndan feragat etti\u011fini i\u00e7eren kesin h\u00fck\u00fcm bulundu\u011funu, davac\u0131n\u0131n bizzat inan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015flemin yaz\u0131l\u0131 belge ile ispatlanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini kabul etti\u011fini, taraflar aras\u0131nda b\u00f6yle bir anla\u015fma bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayarak haks\u0131z davan\u0131n reddini savunmu\u015ftur. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Aile Mahkemesi’nin g\u00f6revli oldu\u011fundan bahisle Mahkemenin verdi\u011fi g\u00f6revsizli\u011fe ili\u015fkin ilk karar\u0131n temyiz incelemesi sonunda Daire taraf\u0131ndan bozulmas\u0131 \u00fczerine davaya genel mahkemede bak\u0131larak yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama sonunda Mahkemece, taraflar aras\u0131nda yaz\u0131l\u0131 inan\u00e7 s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi yaz\u0131l\u0131 delil niteli\u011finde belgede olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131,al\u0131m tarihinin bo\u015fanma davas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce olmas\u0131n\u0131n da yaz\u0131l\u0131 delil ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 say\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esi ile davan\u0131n reddine karar verilmesi \u00fczerine h\u00fck\u00fcm davac\u0131 vekili taraf\u0131ndan temyiz edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Taraflar 20.05.1999 tarihinde evlenmi\u015fler, 08.04.2005 tarihinde a\u00e7\u0131lan bo\u015fanma davas\u0131n\u0131n kabul\u00fcne ili\u015fkin karar\u0131n 21.04.2005 tarihinde kesinle\u015fmesi ile bo\u015fanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Dava konusu Kad\u0131k\u00f6y 621 ada 270 parselde zemin kat 1 nolu daire 20.04.2005 tarihinde daval\u0131 … ad\u0131na sat\u0131n al\u0131narak tescil edilmi\u015f, ayn\u0131 tarihte daval\u0131 ad\u0131na konut kredisi kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve kredi 16.06.2009 tarihinde kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere; inan\u00e7 s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, inananla inan\u0131lan aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan, onlar\u0131n hak ve bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 belirleyen, inan\u00e7l\u0131 muamelenin sona erme sebeplerini ve devredilen hakk\u0131n, inan\u0131lan taraf\u0131ndan inanana geri verme (iade) \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren bor\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bir muameledir. Bu s\u00f6zle\u015fme, taraflar\u0131n\u0131n hak ve bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kapsayan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir akit olup, alacak ve m\u00fclkiyetin naklinin hukuki sebebini te\u015fkil eder. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130nan\u00e7l\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fme yarg\u0131sal kararlarda; inan\u0131lan taraf\u0131n elde etti\u011fi hakk\u0131, taraflarca g\u00fcd\u00fclen ama\u00e7 sona erdikten veya belirli bir s\u00fcre ge\u00e7tikten sonra, inanana veya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fiye devretme taahh\u00fcd\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7eren bir anla\u015fma olarak tarif edilmi\u015ftir (HGK\u2019nun 13.05.1992 g\u00fcn ve 1992\/14-249 E, 1992\/323 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131).<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130nan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015flemin taraflar\u0131n\u0131, inanan ve inan\u0131lan olu\u015fturur. Bir hakk\u0131 ya da nesneyi, g\u00fcvendi\u011fi bir ki\u015fiye inan\u00e7l\u0131 olarak devreden kimseye \u201cinanan\u201d ad\u0131 verilir. Devredilen hak veya nesneyi, kendisine ait bir hak olarak kendi yarar\u0131na, do\u011frudan do\u011fruya ve dolayl\u0131 olarak kullanan ki\u015fiye de \u201cinan\u0131lan\u201d denir. \u0130nanan\u0131n, inan\u0131lana inan\u00e7l\u0131 olarak kazand\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 hak ya da nesne ise \u201cinan\u00e7 konusu \u015fey\u201d olarak nitelenir. \u0130nan\u00e7l\u0131 bir i\u015flemde, kazand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 i\u015flemin taraflar\u0131 ile bor\u00e7 do\u011furan anla\u015fman\u0131n taraflar\u0131 ayn\u0131d\u0131r. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130nan\u00e7l\u0131\u00a0i\u015flemde\u00a0inan\u0131lan, hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131rken kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan ko\u015fullara uymay\u0131, ama\u00e7 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fince veya s\u00fcre dolunca hak veya nesneyi tekrar inanana (veya onun g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fiye) devretmeyi y\u00fcklenmektedir. \u0130nan\u00e7l\u0131\u00a0i\u015flem, kazand\u0131rmay\u0131 yapan ki\u015fiye yani inanana belirli \u015fartlar ger\u00e7ekle\u015fince, kazand\u0131rman\u0131n iadesini isteme hakk\u0131 sa\u011flayan bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmedir. Bu y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn yerine getirilmemesi halinde, bunun dava yoluyla h\u00fckmen yerine getirilmesi istenebilir.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130nan\u00e7l\u0131\u00a0i\u015flemler, ki\u015finin kendisini gizlemek amac\u0131yla, teminat amac\u0131yla veya alacakl\u0131dan mal ka\u00e7\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla da yap\u0131labilecek\u00a0i\u015flemlerdir. Taraflar b\u00f6yle bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131\u00a0i\u015flemle\u00a0genellikle, teminat te\u015fkil etmek veya idare olunmak \u00fczere, mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na dahil bir \u015fey veya hakk\u0131, ayn\u0131 amac\u0131 g\u00fcden ola\u011fan hukuki muamelelerden daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir hukuki durum yaratarak, inan\u0131lana\u00a0inan\u00e7l\u0131\u00a0olarak kazand\u0131rmak i\u00e7in ba\u015fvururlar.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Di\u011fer bir anlat\u0131mla, bu\u00a0i\u015flemle\u00a0bor\u00e7lu, alacakl\u0131s\u0131na mal\u0131n\u0131 rehin edecek, yani yaln\u0131zca s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ayni bir hak tan\u0131yacak yerde, mal\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fclkiyetini ge\u00e7irerek rehin hakk\u0131ndan daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc, daha ileri giden bir hak tan\u0131r.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 temlikin, de\u011finilen bu \u00f6zellikleri nedeniyle, hakk\u0131 inan\u00e7 s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ile satan kimsenin art\u0131k sadece, \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 alm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu paray\u0131 geri vererek\u00a0i\u015flem\u00a0konusu hakk\u0131n kendisine temlik edilmesini istemek yolunda bir alacak hakk\u0131;\u00a0inan\u00e7l\u0131\u00a0i\u015flem\u00a0konusunu inan\u00e7 s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ile alan kimsenin de borcun \u00f6denmesi g\u00fcn\u00fcne kadar ba\u015fkas\u0131na satmamak ve bor\u00e7 \u00f6denince de geri vermek yolunda bir borcu kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Di\u011fer bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131yla,\u00a0inan\u00e7l\u0131\u00a0i\u015flem\u00a0konusu hakk\u0131n m\u00fclkiyeti inan\u0131lana (alacakl\u0131ya) ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. \u0130nan\u00e7l\u0131\u00a0i\u015flem\u00a0konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz ise, ta\u015f\u0131nmazda inanarak satan\u0131n (bor\u00e7lu) m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n bu m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 \u00fczerinde kurulmu\u015f olan bir rehin hakk\u0131ndan da s\u00f6z edilemez.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130nan\u00e7 s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri, taraflar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 iradelerine uygun bulundu\u011fu i\u00e7in, onlara kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 bor\u00e7 y\u00fckleyen ve alacak hakk\u0131 veren ge\u00e7erli s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler oldu\u011fundan (m\u00fclga 818 say\u0131l\u0131 Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu m. 81), an\u0131lan s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerde, taraflar, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kendilerine y\u00fckledi\u011fi hak ve bor\u00e7lar\u0131 belirlerken, inan\u00e7l\u0131\u00a0i\u015flemin\u00a0sona erme sebeplerini; devredilen hakk\u0131n inan\u0131lan taraf\u0131ndan inanana iade \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131, bu arada tabii ki s\u00fcresini de belirleyebilirler. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, akde ayk\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131na da s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinde yer verebilirler. Buna dair akit h\u00fck\u00fcmleri de m\u00fclga 818 say\u0131l\u0131 Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu\u2019nun 19 ve 20 maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k te\u015fkil etmedi\u011fi s\u00fcrece, ge\u00e7erli say\u0131l\u0131r.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130nan\u00e7 s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinin taraflar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, onlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ek iradelerini ve akitten ama\u00e7lad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131tmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011fu; taraflar\u0131na Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde nispi haklar\u0131n\u0131 talep etme olana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131zd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Yeri gelmi\u015fken belirtilmelidir ki, inan\u00e7 s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fclga 818 say\u0131l\u0131 Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu\u2019nun 18. maddesi ile 05.02.1947 tarihli ve 20\/6 say\u0131l\u0131 Yarg\u0131tay \u0130nan\u00e7lar\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme Karar\u0131ndan almakta, bu karar dayanak yap\u0131lmak suretiyle \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme gidilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n S\u00f6z konusu kararda; eski hukuka g\u00f6re m\u00fcmk\u00fcn ve ge\u00e7erli olan muvazaa ve nam-\u0131 m\u00fcstear iddialar\u0131n\u0131n, Medeni Kanun\u2019un y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden sonra ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mallar hakk\u0131nda dinlenip dinlenemeyece\u011fi tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n An\u0131lan kararda; \u00e7e\u015fitli sebep ve ama\u00e7larla bir ta\u015f\u0131nmaz kayd\u0131na ger\u00e7ek malik yerine ba\u015fka bir nam ve bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmede akitlerden biri yerine \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir \u015fahs\u0131n g\u00f6sterilmesinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu, bu gibi hallerde vekilin kendi nam\u0131na ve m\u00fcvekkili hesab\u0131na yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tasarruflarda oldu\u011fu gibi hukuki bir durum veya herhangi bir maksatla \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u015fah\u0131slardan ger\u00e7e\u011fi gizleme gayesi g\u00fcd\u00fclebilece\u011fi, “k\u00f6t\u00fc niyetli ve haks\u0131z gizlemeler” d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, belirtilen olas\u0131l\u0131klara g\u00f6re a\u00e7\u0131lacak bir davan\u0131n, ger\u00e7ekten, ya mevcut bir hakka dayanarak bir el de\u011fi\u015ftirme veya bir hakk\u0131n korunmas\u0131 niteli\u011fini ta\u015f\u0131yaca\u011f\u0131; bu durumda, halefiyeti d\u00fczeltme amac\u0131yla \u00f6ncelikle m\u00fclkiyetin vekile aidiyeti d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclse bile, temsil h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fundan bunun korunmas\u0131 ve devam\u0131na h\u00fckmolunamayaca\u011f\u0131, zira Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu\u2019nun “m\u00fcvekkil vekiline kar\u015f\u0131 muhtelif bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ifa edince vekilin kendi nam\u0131na ve m\u00fcvekkili hesab\u0131na \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u015fah\u0131staki alaca\u011f\u0131 m\u00fcvekkilin olur” h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi do\u011frulad\u0131\u011f\u0131na de\u011finildikten sonra sonu\u00e7ta, nam-\u0131 m\u00fcstear davalar\u0131n\u0131n dinlenebilir ve yaz\u0131l\u0131 delil ile ispat\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funa, h\u00fckmolunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130nan\u00e7lar\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme Kararlar\u0131n\u0131n konular\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131, gerek\u00e7eleriyle a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131c\u0131, sonu\u00e7lar\u0131yla ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 bulundu\u011fu tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131zd\u0131r. Belirtilen \u0130nan\u00e7lar\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme karar\u0131n\u0131n sonu\u00e7 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc uyar\u0131nca; inan\u00e7 s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi olarak an\u0131lan belgenin s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye taraf olanlar\u0131n imzas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7ermesi yeterli g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olup, inan\u00e7 s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine dayal\u0131 iddialar\u0131n \u015fekle ba\u011fl\u0131 olmayan, taraflar\u0131n imzas\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan yaz\u0131l\u0131 belge ile kan\u0131tlanabilece\u011fi,\u00a0inan\u00e7l\u0131\u00a0i\u015fleme\u00a0konu belgenin, akit tarihinden \u00f6nce ya da sonra d\u00fczenlenmesinin sonuca etkili olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na h\u00fckmedilmi\u015ftir.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu\u2019nun, 23.05.1990 g\u00fcn ve 1990\/1-2002 E. 1990\/315 K.; 17.10.1990 g\u00fcn ve 1990\/14-325 E. 1990\/492 K.; 29.06.2005 g\u00fcn ve 2005\/14-395 E. 2005\/421 K.; 28.12.2005 g\u00fcn ve 2005\/14-677 E. 2005\/774 K.; 01.07.2009 g\u00fcn ve 2009\/13-222 E., 2009\/299 K. say\u0131l\u0131 kararlar\u0131nda da bu ilkeler benimsenmi\u015f olup, bu kararlar, iyiniyet ve hakkaniyete ili\u015fkin kurallar\u0131n da hukukumuzun temeli olmas\u0131n\u0131n bir sonucudur.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130nan\u00e7 s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinin hukuki dayana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlatt\u0131ktan sonra uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcnde faydal\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden ispat hukuku a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da konuya bak\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130nan\u00e7l\u0131\u00a0i\u015flemi\u00a0do\u011frudan d\u00fczenleyen bir kanun h\u00fckm\u00fc bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, ispat\u0131 hakk\u0131nda da kanunlar\u0131m\u0131zda bir h\u00fck\u00fcm yer alm\u0131\u015f de\u011fildir. \u0130nan\u00e7l\u0131\u00a0i\u015flemin\u00a0ana unsurlar\u0131, inan\u00e7 s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ve kazand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131\u00a0i\u015flem\u00a0(hakk\u0131n devri\u00a0i\u015flemi) nas\u0131l \u00f6zel bir \u015fekle ba\u011fl\u0131 de\u011filse,\u00a0inan\u00e7l\u0131\u00a0i\u015flemin\u00a0ispat\u0131nda da, kural olarak \u00f6zel bir bi\u00e7im ko\u015fulunun aranmamas\u0131,\u00a0inan\u00e7l\u0131\u00a0i\u015flemin\u00a0ispat\u0131nda genel h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin uygulanmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Buna g\u00f6re,\u00a0inan\u00e7l\u0131\u00a0i\u015flem\u00a0nedeniyle iade, tazminat veya s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin feshini isteyen taraf 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu (TMK)\u2019nun 6.maddesi uyar\u0131nca iddias\u0131n\u0131 ispat etmek zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130nan\u00e7 s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu’nun 18.maddesi ile 5.2.1947 tarihli ve 20\/6 say\u0131l\u0131 Yarg\u0131tay \u0130\u00e7tihad\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme Karar\u0131ndan almakta olup, s\u00f6z\u00fc edilen bu karar uyar\u0131nca inan\u00e7 ili\u015fkisi kural olarak ancak, yaz\u0131l\u0131 delille kan\u0131tlanabilir. Bu yaz\u0131l\u0131 delil, taraflar\u0131n getirecekleri ve onlar\u0131n imzalar\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan bir belge olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Esasen, yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015feklin, kan\u0131tlama arac\u0131 oldu\u011fu ilkesinden hareketle uygulamada, yine ispat vas\u0131tas\u0131 olarak yemin (m\u00fclga 1086 say\u0131l\u0131 HUMK.m.337), ikrar ve kabul taraf\u0131 ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 kabul edilmi\u015f, davan\u0131n (iddian\u0131n) kan\u0131tlanabilece\u011fi sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ancak, uygulama bununla da yetinmemi\u015f, yaz\u0131l\u0131 delil ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 say\u0131labilecek belge ve vak\u0131alar\u0131n tamamlay\u0131c\u0131 kan\u0131tlarla (m\u00fclga 1086 say\u0131l\u0131 HUMK.m.292), inan\u00e7 s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlayabilece\u011fini kabul etmi\u015ftir (Hukuk Genel Kurulu\u2019nun 01.07.2009 g\u00fcn ve 2009\/13-222 E. 2009\/299 K.; 14.07.2010 g\u00fcn ve 2010\/14-394 E. 2010\/395 K. ile 15.04.2011 g\u00fcn ve 2011\/13-14 E. 2011\/189 K. say\u0131l\u0131 kararlar\u0131).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Buna g\u00f6re, inan\u00e7 ili\u015fkisinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul edebilmek i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131klanan nitelikte bir yaz\u0131l\u0131 delil bulunmasa da, yanlar aras\u0131ndaki uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kan\u0131tlamaya yeterli say\u0131lmamakla beraber bunun vukuuna delalet edecek, kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131n elinden \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f (inan\u0131lan taraf\u0131ndan el ile yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f fakat imzalanmam\u0131\u015f olan bir senet veya mektup, daktilo veya bilgisayarla yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmakla birlikte inan\u0131lan\u0131n paraf\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan belge, usul\u00fcne uygun onanmam\u0131\u015f parmak izli veya m\u00fch\u00fcrl\u00fc senetler gibi) yaz\u0131l\u0131 delil ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 niteli\u011finde bir belgenin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 halinde; yaz\u0131l\u0131 delil ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 niteli\u011finde belge varsa, m\u00fclga 1086 say\u0131l\u0131 HUMK\u2019nun 292. maddesi uyar\u0131nca inan\u00e7 s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi \u201ctan\u0131k\u201d dahil her t\u00fcrl\u00fc delille ispat edilebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00fcm bu a\u00e7\u0131klamalar \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda somut olay de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde, dosya muhtevas\u0131na, dava evrak\u0131 ile yarg\u0131lama tutanaklar\u0131 m\u00fcnderecat\u0131na, mevcut deliller Mahkemece takdir edilerek karar verildi\u011fine ve taktirde bir isabetsizlik g\u00f6r\u00fclmedi\u011fine, davac\u0131 taraf\u0131n\u00a0inan\u00e7l\u0131\u00a0i\u015flem\u00a0iddias\u0131na dayanak bir yaz\u0131l\u0131 belge sunamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi evlilik i\u00e7inde olsa dahi yaz\u0131l\u0131 delil ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 niteli\u011finde az yukar\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klanan hususlara uygun bir belge de olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na, bu durumda tan\u0131k deliline dayan\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131na, tan\u0131kla ispat m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olamayaca\u011f\u0131na, davac\u0131n\u0131n iddias\u0131nda bildirdi\u011fi 07.10.1953 tarih 1953\/8 esas 1953\/7 karar say\u0131l\u0131 Yarg\u0131tay \u0130\u00e7tihad\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme B\u00fcy\u00fck Genel Kurulu karar\u0131n\u0131n olayda uygulanma imkan\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na, 01.04.2010 tarihli yarg\u0131lama oturumunda da davac\u0131 vekili yemin vermeyeceklerini, yemin teklifinde bulunmayacaklar\u0131n\u0131 imzal\u0131 beyan\u0131 ile bildirdi\u011fine g\u00f6re Mahkemenin benzer gerek\u00e7elerle yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde davan\u0131n reddine karar verilmesi do\u011fru oldu\u011fundan davac\u0131 vekilinin yerinde olmayan temyiz itirazlar\u0131n\u0131n reddi ile usul ve yasaya uygun g\u00f6r\u00fclen h\u00fckm\u00fcn ONANMASINA, taraflarca HUMK’n\u0131n 388\/4. (HMK m.297\/\u00e7) ve HUMK’n\u0131n 440\/I. maddeleri gere\u011fince Yarg\u0131tay Daire ilam\u0131n\u0131n tebli\u011finden itibaren ilama kar\u015f\u0131 15 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde karar d\u00fczeltme iste\u011finde bulunulabilece\u011fine, Yarg\u0131tay duru\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihte y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte bulunan Avukatl\u0131k Asgari \u00dccret Tarifesi h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca 1.100,00 TL Avukatl\u0131k \u00dccreti’nin davac\u0131dan al\u0131narak Yarg\u0131tay duru\u015fmas\u0131nda avukat marifetiyle temsil olunan daval\u0131ya verilmesine ve 25,20 TL pe\u015fin harc\u0131n istek halinde davac\u0131ya iadesine 14.10.2014 tarihinde oybirli\u011fiyle karar verildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Davac\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan, daval\u0131 vekili aleyhine 28.05.2008 g\u00fcn\u00fcnde verilen dilek\u00e7e ile tapu iptali ve tescil istenmesi \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan duru\u015fma sonunda; davan\u0131n reddine dair verilen 10.02.2011 g\u00fcnl\u00fc h\u00fckm\u00fcn Yarg\u0131tayca incelenmesi davac\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan istenilmekle s\u00fcresinde oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lan temyiz dilek\u00e7esinin kabul\u00fcne karar verildikten sonra dosya ve i\u00e7erisindeki b\u00fct\u00fcn ka\u011f\u0131tlar incelenerek gere\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc: <\/p>\n\n\n\n Karar<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n Dava, inan\u00e7 s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine dayal\u0131 tapu iptali ve tescil iste\u011fine ili\u015fkindir.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n Daval\u0131lardan …, … ve \u0130brahim ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n 1\/2 payl\u0131 olarak sat\u0131n al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fini, davan\u0131n reddini savunmu\u015ftur. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Mahkemece, 10 y\u0131ll\u0131k zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcresi doldu\u011fundan bahisle dava reddedilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n H\u00fckm\u00fc, davac\u0131 temyiz etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130nan\u00e7l\u0131\u00a0i\u015flemler, inanan\u0131n teminat olu\u015fturmak veya y\u00f6netilmek \u00fczere mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kapsam\u0131ndaki bir \u015fey veya hakk\u0131n\u0131, inan\u0131lana devretmesi ve inan\u0131lan\u0131n da inan\u00e7 anla\u015fmas\u0131ndaki ko\u015fullara uygun olarak inan\u00e7 konusu \u015feyi kullanmas\u0131n\u0131, ama\u00e7 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011finde ise belirlenen \u015fekilde inanana iade etmesini i\u00e7eren\u00a0i\u015flemlerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130nan\u00e7l\u0131 bir\u00a0i\u015flem\u00a0ile inanan, sahibi oldu\u011fu bir m\u00fclkiyet veya alacak hakk\u0131n\u0131 inan\u0131lana kazand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bir\u00a0i\u015flemle\u00a0devretmekte ancak bor\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme ile de onu baz\u0131 y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckler alt\u0131na sokmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130nan\u00e7l\u0131\u00a0i\u015flemin\u00a0taraflar\u0131n\u0131, inanan ve inan\u0131lan olu\u015fturur. Bir hakk\u0131 ya da nesneyi, g\u00fcvendi\u011fi bir ki\u015fiye\u00a0inan\u00e7l\u0131\u00a0olarak devreden kimseye \u201cinanan\u201d ad\u0131 verilir. Devredilen hak veya nesneyi, kendisine ait bir hak olarak kendi yarar\u0131na, do\u011frudan do\u011fruya ve dolayl\u0131 olarak kullanan ki\u015fiye de \u201cinan\u0131lan\u201d denir. \u0130nanan\u0131n, inan\u0131lana\u00a0inan\u00e7l\u0131\u00a0olarak kazand\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 hak ya da nesne ise \u201cinan\u00e7 konusu \u015fey\u201d olarak nitelenir. \u0130nan\u00e7l\u0131 bir\u00a0i\u015flemde, kazand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131\u00a0i\u015flemin\u00a0taraflar\u0131 ile bor\u00e7 do\u011furan anla\u015fman\u0131n taraflar\u0131 ayn\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130nan\u00e7l\u0131\u00a0i\u015flemde\u00a0inan\u0131lan, hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131rken kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan ko\u015fullara uymay\u0131, ama\u00e7 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fince veya s\u00fcre dolunca hak veya nesneyi tekrar inanana (veya onun g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fiye) devretmeyi y\u00fcklenmektedir. \u0130nan\u00e7l\u0131\u00a0i\u015flem, kazand\u0131rmay\u0131 yapan ki\u015fiye yani inanana belirli \u015fartlar ger\u00e7ekle\u015fince, kazand\u0131rman\u0131n iadesini isteme hakk\u0131 sa\u011flayan bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmedir. Bu y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn yerine getirilmemesi halinde bunun dava yoluyla h\u00fckmen yerine getirilmesi istenebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ger\u00e7ekten, inan\u00e7 s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinden do\u011fan davalar i\u00e7in \u00f6zel bir zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcresi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmedi\u011finden Bor\u00e7lar Kanununun 125. maddesi h\u00fckm\u00fc gere\u011fince inan\u00e7 s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinden kaynaklanan davalarda zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcresi on y\u0131l olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bor\u00e7lar Kanununun 128. maddesi gere\u011fince de zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 alaca\u011f\u0131n muaccel oldu\u011fu tarihte ba\u015flar. Bu gibi davalarda zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flama tarihi, inan\u00e7 s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine dayanan ki\u015finin tapuda iradi fera\u011f verilece\u011fi umudunu yitirdi\u011fi tarih olarak kabul edilmektedir. Davac\u0131 fera\u011f umudunu kaybetti\u011fini dava a\u00e7mak suretiyle g\u00f6sterdi\u011finden a\u00e7\u0131lan dava zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcresi i\u00e7indedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Mahkemece \u00e7eki\u015fmenin esas\u0131n\u0131n incelenerek bir h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmas\u0131 gerekirken zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi kabul edilerek davan\u0131n reddedilmesi do\u011fru olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan karar bozulmal\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Yukar\u0131da yaz\u0131l\u0131 nedenlerle temyiz olunan karar\u0131n BOZULMASINA, pe\u015fin yat\u0131r\u0131lan harc\u0131n iadesine, 04.05.2011 tarihinde oybirli\u011fi ile karar verildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Taraflar aras\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclen davada;\u00a0Davac\u0131,kayden payda\u015f\u0131 bulundu\u011fu 14 nolu ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z b\u00f6l\u00fcmdeki \u00bd pay\u0131n\u0131 e\u015fi A. Binice\u2019nin hilesi ile Y.D.e,onun da ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131 e\u015fi A.\u2019a,ondan da daval\u0131ya sat\u0131\u015f yoluyla temlik etti\u011fini,bo\u015fanma a\u015famas\u0131nda olan e\u015finin kendisinden mal ka\u00e7\u0131rmay\u0131,hak ve alaca\u011f\u0131na kavu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemeyi ama\u00e7lad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131,temliklerin ger\u00e7ek olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcp, tapu kayd\u0131n\u0131n iptali ile ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n kendisi ve e\u015fi A.ad\u0131na tesciline karar verilmesini istemi\u015ftir.\u00a0Daval\u0131,dava konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz pay\u0131n\u0131 bedelini \u00f6deyerek sat\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131,iyi niyetli bulundu\u011funu belirtip davan\u0131n reddini savunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Mahkemece,\u00e7eki\u015fme konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz pay\u0131n\u0131n daval\u0131ya temlikinin muvazaal\u0131 oldu\u011fu,daval\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6deme savunmas\u0131n\u0131 ispat edemedi\u011fi gerek\u00e7esiyle davan\u0131n kabul\u00fcne karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Karar,daval\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan s\u00fcresinde temyiz edilmi\u015f olmakla, tetkik hakimi . . raporu okundu. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi al\u0131nd\u0131. Dosya incelendi. Gere\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcp, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Karar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Dava,inan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015fleme dayal\u0131 tapu iptali ve tescil iste\u011fine ili\u015fkindir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Mahkemece,davan\u0131n kabul\u00fcne karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dosya i\u00e7eri\u011finden,toplanan delillerden;\u00e7eki\u015fme konusu 14 nolu ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn \u00bd\u2019 \u015fer payla malikleri olan davac\u0131 ve e\u015fi A.Binice taraf\u0131ndan 15.04.2005 tarihli akitle Y. D.\u2019e,ondan 20.06.2005 tarihli akitle yeniden A. B.\u2019ye,ondan da 29.06.2005 tarihli akitle daval\u0131ya sat\u0131\u015f yoluyla temlik edildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Davac\u0131,an\u0131lan temlikin\u00a0inan\u00e7l\u0131\u00a0i\u015flem\u00a0sonucu yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrerek eldeki davay\u0131 a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bilindi\u011fi gibi, 5.2.1947 tarih ve 20\/6 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u00e7tihad\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme Karar\u0131 gere\u011fince\u00a0inan\u00e7l\u0131\u00a0i\u015fleme\u00a0dayal\u0131 davalarda, iddian\u0131n ispat\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yaz\u0131l\u0131 belgenin bulunmas\u0131 veya\u00a0inan\u00e7l\u0131\u00a0i\u015fleme\u00a0taraf olan ki\u015finin kabul beyan\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131 veya di\u011fer delillerle desteklenen yaz\u0131l\u0131 delil ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Eldeki davada ise yaz\u0131l\u0131 delil bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Her ne kadar,ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131 devralan Y. D. tan\u0131k olarak verdi\u011fi beyan\u0131nda,dava konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131 bedelsiz devrald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131,bir bedel \u00f6demedi\u011fini belirtmi\u015fse de,an\u0131lan beyan sadece ki\u015finin kendisini ba\u011flamakta olup, daval\u0131 M.y\u00f6n\u00fcnden\u00a0inan\u00e7l\u0131\u00a0i\u015flemin\u00a0varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda delil olarak kabul\u00fc m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Bu nedenle ilk\u00a0i\u015flemin\u00a0inan\u00e7l\u0131\u00a0oldu\u011fu ispat edilemedi\u011finden, kay\u0131t maliki daval\u0131 M. y\u00f6n\u00fcnden TMK.nun 1023.maddesi anlam\u0131nda iyi niyet ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131na da gerek bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Yukar\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle ayr\u0131ca davac\u0131 N.hem kendi pay\u0131 hemde davada taraf olmayan ki\u015fi ad\u0131na da tapu iptal ve tescil isteminde bulunmu\u015f ise de bu ki\u015finin pay\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden davac\u0131n\u0131n taraf ehliyeti bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan davan\u0131n reddinin gerekece\u011fi tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131zd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Hal b\u00f6yle olunca;davan\u0131n reddine karar verilmesi gerekirken yan\u0131lg\u0131l\u0131 de\u011ferlendirme ile yaz\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu \u00fczere h\u00fck\u00fcm tesisi isabetsizdir. Daval\u0131n\u0131n temyiz itirazlar\u0131 yerindedir. Kabul\u00fc ile h\u00fckm\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle HUMK.nun 428.maddesi gere\u011fince BOZULMASINA, al\u0131nan pe\u015fin harc\u0131n temyiz edene geri verilmesine, 29.01.2009 tarihinde oybirli\u011fiyle karar verildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 6NOVA Avukatl\u0131k B\u00fcrosu olarak, inan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015flem uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131zda m\u00fcvekkillerimize stratejik hukuki destek sunmaktay\u0131z. Detayl\u0131 de\u011ferlendirme ve dava takibi i\u00e7in bizimle ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7ebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Sonu\u00e7<\/strong> 6NOVA Avukatl\u0131k B\u00fcrosu olarak, m\u00fcvekkillerimizin s\u0131kl\u0131kla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 inan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015flem uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 titizlikle ele almaktay\u0131z. Bu makalemizde, inan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015flemin hukuki niteli\u011fini, unsurlar\u0131n\u0131, ispat\u0131n\u0131 ve g\u00fcncel Yarg\u0131tay i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131n\u0131 2026 itibar\u0131yla derinlemesine inceleyece\u011fiz. Konu, \u00f6zellikle ta\u015f\u0131nmaz m\u00fclkiyeti, teminat i\u015flemleri ve aile i\u00e7i g\u00fcven ili\u015fkilerinde s\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00fcndeme gelmekte olup, do\u011fru hukuki strateji ile hak kay\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. 1. \u0130nan\u00e7l\u0131 \u0130\u015flem […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1441,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12,2],"tags":[97],"class_list":["post-1440","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gayrimenkul-hukuku","category-makaleler","tag-inancli-islem"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/altinova.av.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1440","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/altinova.av.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/altinova.av.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/altinova.av.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/altinova.av.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1440"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/altinova.av.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1440\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1442,"href":"https:\/\/altinova.av.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1440\/revisions\/1442"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/altinova.av.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1441"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/altinova.av.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1440"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/altinova.av.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1440"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/altinova.av.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1440"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}2. \u0130nan\u00e7l\u0131 \u0130\u015flemin Hukuki Dayana\u011f\u0131 ve Unsurlar\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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3. \u0130nan\u00e7l\u0131 \u0130\u015flemin Ama\u00e7lar\u0131 ve Uygulama Alanlar\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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4. E\u015fler ve Aile \u0130li\u015fkilerinde \u0130nan\u00e7l\u0131 \u0130\u015flem<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
5. \u0130nan\u00e7l\u0131 \u0130\u015flem ile Muvaazal\u0131 \u0130\u015flem Aras\u0131ndaki Farklar<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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6. \u0130nan\u00e7l\u0131 \u0130\u015flemde \u0130spat Sorunu<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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7. \u0130nan\u00e7l\u0131 \u0130\u015fleme Dayal\u0131 Tapu \u0130ptali ve Tescil Davas\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
8. Zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 S\u00fcresi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
9. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Ki\u015filere Etkisi ve \u0130yiniyet Kural\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
10. Yarg\u0131tay Kararlar\u0131 (2026 G\u00fcncel \u00d6zet)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu 2005\/14-395 E. 2005\/421 K. 29.06.2005 KT.\u00a0<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Yarg\u0131tay 14. Hukuk Dairesi 2016\/6618 E. 2018\/6877 K. 17.10.2018 KT.\u00a0<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Yarg\u0131tay 8. Hukuk Dairesi 2014\/6656 E. 2014\/18280 K. 14.10.2014 KT.\u00a0<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Yarg\u0131tay 14. Hukuk Dairesi 2011\/4642 E. 2011\/6061 K. 04.05.2011 KT.\u00a0<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Yarg\u0131tay 1. Hukuk Dairesi 2008\/11750 E. 2009\/1099 K. 29.01.2009 KT.<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
11. Pratik \u00d6neriler<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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\u0130nan\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015flem, g\u00fcvene dayal\u0131 bir hukuki ara\u00e7t\u0131r ancak ispat\u0131 ve zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan titizlik gerektirir. 2026 itibar\u0131yla Yarg\u0131tay i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131 istikrarl\u0131d\u0131r. Haklar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in profesyonel hukuki yard\u0131m almak, olas\u0131 ma\u011fduriyetleri \u00f6nleyecektir.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"