Payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyete tabi ta\u015f\u0131nmazlarda payda\u015flar\u0131n kirac\u0131 ile kendi paylar\u0131na \u00f6zg\u00fc kira bedeli protokol\u00fc imzalamas\u0131, gayrimenkul hukuku ve kira uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131nda s\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan kritik bir konudur. Ortak m\u00fclkiyet sahipleri aras\u0131nda kira gelirlerinin payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z anla\u015fma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve protokol\u00fcn di\u011fer payda\u015flar\u0131 ba\u011flay\u0131p ba\u011flamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususu, hem m\u00fclk sahiplerini hem de kirac\u0131lar\u0131 do\u011frudan etkileyen pratik sorunlar yaratmaktad\u0131r. Bu alanda Yarg\u0131tay 6. Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin 24.06.2014 tarihli ve 2013\/16103 Esas, 2014\/8305 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 ilam\u0131, emsal niteli\u011finde olup payda\u015flar\u0131n yetki s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 net bir \u015fekilde belirlemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu\u2019nun (TMK) 688 ve devam\u0131 maddelerinde d\u00fczenlenen payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet rejiminde her payda\u015f, kendi pay\u0131 \u00fczerinde belirli tasarruf haklar\u0131na sahiptir. Ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131n kiraya verilmesi veya mevcut kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin feshi i\u00e7in TMK md. 691 uyar\u0131nca pay ve payda\u015f \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun sa\u011flanmas\u0131 zorunludur. Ancak kira bedelinin tespiti ve paya \u00f6zg\u00fc d\u00fczenlemelerde durum farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Kira paras\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcnebilir bir nitelik ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, her payda\u015f kendi pay\u0131na y\u00f6nelik olarak kirac\u0131 ile ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u015fekilde kira bedeli belirleyebilir veya mevcut bedeli de\u011fi\u015ftirebilir. Bu t\u00fcr anla\u015fmalar, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin nispilik ilkesi gere\u011fi yaln\u0131zca protokol taraflar\u0131n\u0131 ba\u011flar ve di\u011fer payda\u015flar\u0131 etkilemez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yarg\u0131tay 6. Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin s\u00f6z konusu karar\u0131nda incelenen olay, \u0130zmir\u2019de bulunan bir ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyetine ili\u015fkindir. Davac\u0131 payda\u015f, di\u011fer payda\u015flar\u0131n kirac\u0131 ile imzalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 16.05.2011 tarihli protokolle ayl\u0131k kira bedelini kendi paylar\u0131 i\u00e7in art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve fazladan tahsil edilen tutar\u0131n (3.300 TL) pay\u0131 oran\u0131nda kendisine \u00f6denmesini talep etmi\u015ftir. \u0130lk derece mahkemesi davay\u0131 k\u0131smen kabul etmi\u015fken Yarg\u0131tay, protokol\u00fcn yaln\u0131zca taraflar\u0131n\u0131 ba\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve davac\u0131y\u0131 kapsamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirterek h\u00fckm\u00fc bozmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Karar\u0131n gerek\u00e7esinde a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a vurguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, payda\u015flar kirac\u0131 ile kendi paylar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik kira bedeli protokol\u00fc yapma yetkisine sahiptir. Bu protokol, kira tespit davas\u0131 a\u00e7ma hakk\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fal bir uzant\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r ve di\u011fer payda\u015flardan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zd\u0131r. Protokole taraf olmayan payda\u015f, bu d\u00fczenlemeyle ba\u011fl\u0131 tutulamaz; fazladan tahsil edilen bedel otomatik olarak payla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaz. Yarg\u0131tay, \u201ckira paras\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcnebilir nitelikte olmas\u0131\u201d nedeniyle payda\u015flar\u0131n serbest\u00e7e anla\u015fabilece\u011fini ve protokol\u00fcn nispilik ilkesi uyar\u0131nca yaln\u0131zca imza atanlar\u0131 ba\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 h\u00fckme ba\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m, payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyetteki y\u00f6netim ve tasarruf kurallar\u0131n\u0131 (TMK md. 691) korurken, bireysel pay \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc de g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu i\u00e7tihat, \u00f6zellikle miras yoluyla payla\u015f\u0131lan veya birden fazla malikin bulundu\u011fu ta\u015f\u0131nmazlarda b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Payda\u015flar, kira gelirlerini optimize etmek i\u00e7in kendi paylar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kirac\u0131 ile ayr\u0131 protokol imzalayabilirken, bu anla\u015fman\u0131n di\u011fer payda\u015flar\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 ihlal etmedi\u011fini bilmelidir. Kirac\u0131lar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ise, payda\u015flarla yap\u0131lan ayr\u0131 protokollerin yaln\u0131zca ilgili pay\u0131 kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve genel kira ili\u015fkisini etkilemedi\u011fi unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Karar, kira uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131nda hukuki g\u00fcvenli\u011fi art\u0131rarak uzun s\u00fcreli kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinde olas\u0131 itirazlar\u0131 \u00f6nlemektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
6NOVA Avukatl\u0131k B\u00fcrosu olarak, payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet, kira hukuku ve Yarg\u0131tay i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131 konusunda uzmanla\u015fm\u0131\u015f ekibimizle m\u00fcvekkillerimize kapsaml\u0131 dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k sunuyoruz. Benzer uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klarda protokol haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131, kira bedeli tespiti veya payla\u015f\u0131m taleplerinde etkili hukuki stratejiler geli\u015ftiriyoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da Yarg\u0131tay 6. Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin 2013\/16103 E. 2014\/8305 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131n\u0131n tam metni yer almaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\nMAHKEMES\u0130:<\/strong> \u0130zmir 1. Sulh Hukuk Mahkemesi<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mahalli mahkemesinden verilmi\u015f bulunan yukar\u0131da tarih ve numaras\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131 alacak davas\u0131na dair karar, davac\u0131 ve daval\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde temyiz edilmi\u015f olmakla, dosyadaki b\u00fct\u00fcn ka\u011f\u0131tlar okunup gere\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcp d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
KARAR<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dava, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz payda\u015flar\u0131ndan bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fkil eden daval\u0131lar\u0131n kirac\u0131 ile kendi paylar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik olarak yapt\u0131klar\u0131 kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi dolay\u0131s\u0131yla tahsil ettikleri tutarlar\u0131n davac\u0131 payda\u015fa pay\u0131 oran\u0131nda \u00f6denmesi istemine ili\u015fkindir. Mahkemece daval\u0131 kirac\u0131ya y\u00f6nelik a\u00e7\u0131lan davan\u0131n reddine, daval\u0131 payda\u015flar y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ise kabul\u00fc ile 3.300 TL bedelin daval\u0131 payda\u015flardan m\u00fcteselsilen tahsiline karar verilmi\u015f, h\u00fck\u00fcm davac\u0131 ve daval\u0131lar vekili taraf\u0131ndan temyiz edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1-Dosya kapsam\u0131na, toplanan delillere, mevcut deliller mahkemece takdir edilerek karar verilmi\u015f olmas\u0131na ve takdirde de bir isabetsizlik bulunmamas\u0131na g\u00f6re davac\u0131n\u0131n temyiz itirazlar\u0131 yerinde de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2-Daval\u0131lar vekilinin temyiz itirazlar\u0131na gelince;Davac\u0131 vekili dava dilek\u00e7esinde; davaya konu 2 nolu ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z b\u00f6l\u00fcme y\u00f6nelik olarak m\u00fcvekkili ile daval\u0131 … Ltd. \u015eti. aras\u0131nda 15.02.2007 tarihli kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi akdedildi\u011fini, kesinle\u015fen yarg\u0131 karar\u0131 ile (Kad\u0131k\u00f6y 6. Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesinin 2007\/307esas-343 karar) ta\u015f\u0131nmazda pay sahibi olan daval\u0131lar \u00f6zg\u00fcr K..ve G.. K..\u2019\u0131n m\u00fcvekkili ile daval\u0131 \u015firket aras\u0131nda imzalanan kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine icazet vermek suretiyle taraf olduklar\u0131n\u0131, verilen bu icazet uyar\u0131nca ayl\u0131k 700 USD olan kira bedelinden 175 USD\u2019nin pay\u0131 oran\u0131nda daval\u0131 \u00d6.. K..\u2019a ve 175 USD\u2019nin pay\u0131 oran\u0131nda daval\u0131 G.. K..\u2019a \u00f6denmesi gerekirken, daval\u0131lar\u0131n kirac\u0131 ile yapt\u0131klar\u0131 ayr\u0131 bir protokol nedeniyle daha fazla bir tutar\u0131n daval\u0131lara \u00f6dendi\u011fini, daval\u0131 payda\u015flar\u0131n kirac\u0131 ile imzalad\u0131klar\u0131 protokol sonucu ayl\u0131k 700 USD kira bedelinin \u00bc pay\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen 175\u2019\u015fer USD\u2019den daha fazla olacak \u015fekilde kira \u00fccreti almalar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fru olmay\u0131p, 2012\/A\u011fustos ve Eyl\u00fcl aylar\u0131 i\u00e7in daval\u0131lara fazladan \u00f6denen 3.300 TL nin tahsiline karar verilmesini istemi\u015ftir. Daval\u0131lar vekili; davac\u0131n\u0131n daha \u00f6nceki d\u00f6nemde tahsil etti\u011fi kira paralar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik olarak ecrimisil davas\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 bu davan\u0131n eldeki dava y\u00f6n\u00fcnden bekletici mesele yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini, kirac\u0131 ile yap\u0131lan protokol\u00fcn daval\u0131lar\u0131n pay\u0131na y\u00f6nelik oldu\u011funu belirterek davan\u0131n reddini istemi\u015flerdir. Mahkemece daval\u0131 kirac\u0131 hakk\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lan davan\u0131n reddine, daval\u0131 payda\u015flara y\u00f6nelik a\u00e7\u0131lan davan\u0131n ise m\u00fc\u015fterek m\u00fclkiyete tabi bir ta\u015f\u0131nmazda hisselerin birbirinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak kiraya verilemeyece\u011fi, her payda\u015f\u0131n do\u011fal ve hukuki semerelerden pay\u0131 oran\u0131nda yararlanma hakk\u0131 bulundu\u011fu gerek\u00e7esi ile kabul\u00fcne ve daval\u0131larca fazladan tahsil edilen 3.300 TL\u2019nin taleple ba\u011fl\u0131 kal\u0131narak davac\u0131ya \u00f6denmesine karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Davaya konu 2 nolu ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z b\u00f6l\u00fcm tapuda davac\u0131 O..K.. ad\u0131na kay\u0131tl\u0131 iken kesinle\u015fen yarg\u0131 kar\u0131 ile (Kad\u0131k\u00f6y 6. Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesinin 2007\/307 esas ve 2007\/343 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131) \u00bc pay\u0131n\u0131n daval\u0131 S.. \u00d6.. K.., \u00bc pay\u0131n\u0131n daval\u0131 A.. G.. K.. ad\u0131na tesciline karar verilmi\u015ftir. Daval\u0131 Kahvebahane Tur. Ltd \u015eti ise 15.02.2007 tarihli s\u00f6zle\u015fme ile davac\u0131n\u0131n kirac\u0131s\u0131 konumundad\u0131r. S\u00f6zle\u015fmede kira bedeli 700 USD olarak belirlenmi\u015ftir. Ta\u015f\u0131nmazda sonradan pay sahibi olan daval\u0131lar davac\u0131 ile kirac\u0131 aras\u0131nda imzalanan s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye16.05.2011 tarihli protokol ile icazet vermi\u015flerdir. Protokolde ayr\u0131ca davac\u0131n\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kira akdinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak 01.06.2011 tarihinden itibaren kirac\u0131n\u0131n \u00bc hisse kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 daval\u0131lara 1.500\u2019er TL kira bedeli \u00f6denece\u011fi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Var\u0131lan bu kararla\u015ft\u0131rma do\u011frultusunda kirac\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan daval\u0131lara 01.06.2011 tarihinden itibaren her ay i\u00e7in 1.500\u2019er TL \u00f6denmi\u015f, yenilenen d\u00f6nemlerde ise s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye uygun art\u0131\u015flar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Davac\u0131, daval\u0131lar\u0131n icazet verdikleri s\u00f6zle\u015fme d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kira bedeli belirleyemeyeceklerini, aksi durumda fazla yap\u0131lan \u00f6demenin pay\u0131 oran\u0131nda payda\u015flar aras\u0131nda b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi gerekti\u011finden bahisle i\u015fbu davay\u0131 a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Taraflar aras\u0131ndaki uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k ta\u015f\u0131nmazda sonradan hak sahibi olan payda\u015flar\u0131n icazet verdikleri kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesindeki bedel d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kirac\u0131 ile ayr\u0131ca bir bedel kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131p kararla\u015ft\u0131ramayacaklar\u0131 noktas\u0131nda toplanmaktad\u0131r. Kira paras\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcnebilir nitelikte oldu\u011fundan payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyete tabi bir ta\u015f\u0131nmazda her bir payda\u015f kendi pay\u0131na y\u00f6nelik olarak kira tespit davas\u0131 a\u00e7abilece\u011fi gibi bu konuda kirac\u0131 ile uzla\u015fmaya vararak di\u011fer payda\u015flardan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u015fekilde kira bedelini serbest\u00e7e belirleyebilirler. Kira paras\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi konusunda payda\u015flar\u0131n kendi paylar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik olarak kirac\u0131 ile yapt\u0131klar\u0131 anla\u015fma s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin nispili\u011fi ilkesi gere\u011fi ancak taraflar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan h\u00fck\u00fcm ifade eder. Somut olay bu \u00e7er\u00e7eveden ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda daval\u0131 payda\u015flar\u0131n kira bedelinin kendi paylar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik olarak belirlenmesi konusunda kirac\u0131 ile yapt\u0131klar\u0131 16.05.2011 tarihli protokol ge\u00e7erli olup taraflar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r. Davac\u0131n\u0131n taraf\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu protokole g\u00f6re daval\u0131lara i\u015fbu davay\u0131 y\u00f6neltmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Bu itibarla davan\u0131n reddi gerekirken hukuksal dayana\u011f\u0131 olmayan gerek\u00e7e ile yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde kabul karar\u0131 verilmesi usul ve yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. H\u00fck\u00fcm bu nedenle bozulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
SONU\u00c7<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yukar\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle temyiz itirazlar\u0131n\u0131n kabul\u00fc ile 6100 say\u0131l\u0131 HMK.ya 6217 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunla eklenen ge\u00e7ici 3.madde h\u00fckm\u00fc g\u00f6zetilerek HUMK.n\u0131n 428.maddesi uyar\u0131nca h\u00fckm\u00fcn BOZULMASINA, istek halinde pe\u015fin al\u0131nan temyiz harc\u0131n\u0131n temyiz edenlere iadesine, 24.06.2014 tarihinde oybirli\u011fiyle karar verildi.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyete tabi ta\u015f\u0131nmazlarda payda\u015flar\u0131n kirac\u0131 ile kendi paylar\u0131na \u00f6zg\u00fc kira bedeli protokol\u00fc imzalamas\u0131, gayrimenkul hukuku ve kira uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131nda s\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan kritik bir konudur. Ortak m\u00fclkiyet sahipleri aras\u0131nda kira gelirlerinin payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z anla\u015fma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve protokol\u00fcn di\u011fer payda\u015flar\u0131 ba\u011flay\u0131p ba\u011flamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususu, hem m\u00fclk sahiplerini hem de kirac\u0131lar\u0131 do\u011frudan etkileyen pratik sorunlar yaratmaktad\u0131r. Bu alanda Yarg\u0131tay […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1318,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12,3],"tags":[22,68,67,65],"class_list":["post-1317","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gayrimenkul-hukuku","category-ictihat","tag-gayrimenkul-hukuku","tag-kira-avukati","tag-kira-bedeli-protokolu","tag-kira-hukuku"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/altinova.av.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1317","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/altinova.av.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/altinova.av.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/altinova.av.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/altinova.av.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1317"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/altinova.av.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1317\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1319,"href":"https:\/\/altinova.av.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1317\/revisions\/1319"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/altinova.av.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1318"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/altinova.av.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1317"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/altinova.av.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1317"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/altinova.av.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1317"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}